आर्थिक प्रणालियाँ

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निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा आर्थिक प्रणाली के मुख्य लक्षणों में से एक है?

सामाजिक मानदंड

स्वामित्व के अधिकार (correct)

व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता की कमी

पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता

मार्केट इकोनॉमी में सरकार का कोई हस्तक्षेप नहीं होता।

False

पर्याप्त संसाधनों की कमी को किस अर्थशास्त्री के सिद्धांत से समझाया जाता है?

दुर्लभता (Scarcity)

कमांड अर्थव्यवस्था में __________ का केंद्रीय नियंत्रण होता है।

सरकार Signup and view all the answers

निम्नलिखित आर्थिक अवधारणाओं को उनके अर्थ के साथ मेल करें:

दुर्लभता = सीमित संसाधनों और अनंत इच्छाओं का मुद्दा अवसर लागत = अगले सर्वोत्तम विकल्प का मूल्य सप्लाई और डिमांड = उत्पादकों और उपभोक्ताओं के बीच बातचीत GDP = एक देश के अंतर्गत अंतिम वस्तुओं की मौद्रिक मात्रा Signup and view all the answers

कौन-सी अर्थव्यवस्था निजी स्वामित्व और आपूर्ति-डिमांड के अनुसार कार्य करती है?

बाजार अर्थव्यवस्था Signup and view all the answers

मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था में सरकार और व्यक्तिगत स्वामित्व दोनों का समावेश होता है।

True Signup and view all the answers

_______________ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह संसाधनों के अनुप्रयोग में लाभ दिखाता है।

तुलनात्मक लाभ (Comparative Advantage) Signup and view all the answers

मुद्रास्फीति का क्या अर्थ होता है?

सामान्यों और सेवाओं के मूल्य में निरंतर वृद्धि Signup and view all the answers

नौकरी की तलाश में रहने वाले व्यक्तियों को बेरोजगारी में नहीं गिना जाता है।

False Signup and view all the answers

GDP प्रति व्यक्ति किस तरह की माप है?

कुल GDP को जनसंख्या से विभाजित करके Signup and view all the answers

_____ दरें उपभोक्ता खर्च और निवेश निर्णयों को प्रभावित करती हैं।

ब्याज Signup and view all the answers

सही आर्थिक नीति को उसके उपयोग से मिलाएं:

राजकोषीय नीति = कराधान और खर्च से संबंधित मौद्रिक नीति = नकद आपूर्ति को नियंत्रित करना नियमन = विशिष्ट आर्थिक गतिविधियों पर नियंत्रण व्यापार नीति = अंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापार को प्रभावित करने वाले उपाय Signup and view all the answers

उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक (CPI) का उपयोग किस चीज़ को ट्रैक करने के लिए किया जाता है?

मुद्रास्फीति Signup and view all the answers

सूचकांक निर्माता मूल्य (PPI) प्रोड्यूसर की बिक्री की कीमतों में औसत परिवर्तन को मापता है।

True Signup and view all the answers

सूचकांक विनिमय दरों का क्या महत्व है?

अंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापार और निवेश पर प्रभाव डालता है Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Economic Systems

Economic systems are the ways societies organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
They determine who owns resources, how goods and services are produced, and how they are distributed.
Different economic systems have varying degrees of government intervention and individual freedom.
Key characteristics of economic systems include: property rights, incentives, and information mechanisms.

Types of Economic Systems

Traditional Economy: Relies on customs and traditions. Production methods and distribution of goods are often based on historical practices and social roles. Limited innovation and technological advancement.
Command Economy: Centralized control where the government owns the means of production and decides how resources are allocated. Little private ownership. Examples include North Korea, Cuba.
Market Economy: Decentralized system where individuals and firms make decisions based on supply and demand. Private property and ownership are crucial. Examples include the USA, UK.
Mixed Economy: Combines elements of market and command economies. Government plays a role in regulating markets while also allowing for some private ownership. Most economies in the world today are mixed.

Fundamental Economic Concepts

Scarcity: The fundamental economic problem of having unlimited wants but limited resources. This necessitates choices and trade-offs.
Opportunity Cost: The value of the next best alternative forgone when a choice is made. It reflects the trade-offs inherent in resource allocation.
Supply and Demand: The interaction between the willingness of producers to supply a good or service and the consumer's willingness to pay for it. This interaction determines prices and quantities in a market economy.
Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF): Represents the maximum possible output combinations of two goods or services an economy can produce with its available resources and technology at a specific time.
Comparative Advantage: The ability of an individual or group to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another individual or group. Crucial in international trade and specialization.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. A key measure of economic activity and growth.

Economic Indicators

Inflation: The sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period.
Unemployment: The proportion of the labor force that is actively seeking work but unable to find employment.
Economic Growth: The increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a period. Measured by changes in real GDP.
Interest Rates: The cost of borrowing money. Influence investment decisions and consumer spending.
Exchange Rates: The value of one currency relative to another. Affect international trade and investment.

Economic Measurement

GDP Per Capita: GDP divided by the total population. Indicates the average economic output per person.
Consumer Price Index (CPI): A measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of consumer goods and services. Used to track inflation.
Producer Price Index (PPI): A measure of average change in selling prices received by domestic producers for their output. Provides insight into cost pressures for businesses.
Unemployment Rate: The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.

Economic Policies

Fiscal Policy: Government policies related to taxation and spending to influence the economy.
Monetary Policy: Actions undertaken by a central bank to control the money supply and credit conditions to stimulate or restrain economic activity. Often involves adjusting interest rates.
Regulation: Rules or laws imposed by governments on businesses or individuals to control specific economic activities and maintain order in markets.
Trade Policies: Government measures, including tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, that affect international trade.
Economic Development Policies: Strategies implemented by countries or international organizations to improve living standards, reduce poverty, and promote economic growth.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics studies the behavior of the economy as a whole.
Focuses on aggregate variables like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
Examines the effects of government policies on the overall economy.

Microeconomics

Microeconomics focuses on the behavior of individual economic agents such as households and firms.
Examine individual markets, prices, and resource allocation decisions.
Analyze consumer demand, firm supply, and market structures like monopolies and oligopolies.

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इस क्विज़ में आप आर्थिक प्रणालियों के प्रकारों और उनके विशेषताओं के बारे में जानेंगे। यह पारंपरिक, आदेश, और बाजार अर्थव्यवस्थाओं के बीच मुख्य भिन्नताओं को उजागर करेगा। आर्थिक गतिविधियों का संगठन कैसे होता है, यह समझने का एक बेहतरीन अवसर है।