علم البيئة والتنوع الحيوي

The study of how plants adapt to different environments and thrive in them.

The interconnected cycles of chemical elements within the Earth's systems, like the movement of carbon and nitrogen.

The study of the distribution and structure of plant communities across the Earth.

The processes that occur within an ecosystem, including energy flow, nutrient cycling, and interactions between organisms.

The process of gradual changes in the plant community over time, leading to a more stable ecosystem.

The study of how plants evolve over time and adapt to different conditions.

A type of biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

A type of biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.

The impact of human activities on the natural biogeochemical cycles, often leading to imbalances and environmental problems.

This refers to the study of how organisms interact with their environment and the flow of energy and matter through ecosystems.

The study of plant communities and their interactions with the environment.

A collective term for all plant life found in a particular region or habitat.

Represents the total plant cover in a given area, considering different plant species and their abundance.

The process of change in plant communities over time, driven by factors like disturbances and species interactions, starting with a barren area and culminating in a mature community.

The process of change in plant communities over time, starting from barren ground and progressing towards a stable, climax community.