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Questions and Answers
What does AAC stand for?
Unaided communication includes using external aids such as graphic symbols.
False
What is iconicity in relation to symbols?
Iconicity means that the symbol has an image value.
Communication is the exchange of information between at least _____ partners.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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What is the primary role of AAC in communication?
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Symbols used in AAC must always be arbitrary.
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Describe the first step in the pathway from intention to articulation.
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What is a key benefit of using word prediction systems in AAC expression?
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Direct access refers to users having indirect control over their communication devices.
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Name one type of speech generating device.
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The process of using small objects that symbolize real-life items is referred to as ______ symbols.
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Match the following modalities with their descriptions:
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Which of these strategies is NOT considered an expressive strategy in AAC?
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Communication boards are recognized as one of the newest AAC tools.
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What is the primary goal of keystroke economy in assistive communication?
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What is the primary focus of AAC processes according to the sender-message-receiver model?
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Augmented speech typically requires less effort compared to typical speech.
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What are the two types of access discussed in the context of AAC?
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In AAC, the rate of typical speech is measured at approximately _____ words per minute.
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What can aid in improving mental access for AAC users?
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Lexicon size refers to the number of lexical items necessary for fluent communication.
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Why might AAC users experience a slowdown in utterance speed?
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Match the following components with their corresponding descriptions:
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Which of the following exemplifies non-dedicated devices used in AAC?
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Mental access only involves the physical behaviors required to convey a message.
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What is the importance of the communication partner in the success of an AAC system?
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The process of __________ involves the retrieval of symbols and planning of the utterance.
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Match the following communication strategies with their definitions:
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Which cognitive process is significant when using AAC?
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Effective communication requires adapting one's communication style according to the receiver's needs.
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What is the role of the receiver in AAC communication?
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What does avatar technology primarily represent?
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With advancements in AAC technology, users are becoming more clinician directed.
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What is neuro-prosthetics?
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Recent advancements in technology have made AAC devices more ______ and ______.
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Match the following technologies with their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes the role of assistive technology?
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One-message generating devices are most beneficial for advanced communicators.
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What should remain central when considering the benefits of AAC devices?
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Study Notes
AAC - Communication
- AAC is an integral part of therapeutic intervention, making communication accessible for individuals with complex communication needs.
- Aided Communication: Utilizes external aids for communication. Examples include graphic symbols, speech generating devices, and communication boards.
- Unaided Communication: Relies on internal communication mechanisms without external aids. Examples include natural speech, sign language, and gesturing.
Terminology and Definitions
- Communication: Exchange of information between at least two parties.
- Language: A structured code for communication, encompassing phonology (sounds), morphology (word structure), and syntax (sentence structure).
- Speech: A modality of language production, utilizing vocal expression to articulate sounds and words.
- Symbol: Represents an object, person, or idea, acting as a referential tool.
Learnability of Symbols
- Iconicity: Symbols with visual representation.
- Transparency: Direct understanding of a symbol's meaning based on its visual representation.
- Translucency: Meaning becomes apparent after initial clarification.
- Arbitrariness: Symbols have no intrinsic visual connection to their meaning.
A Model for AAC - Communication
- Sender encodes a message using AAC tools.
- Receiver decodes the message.
- The model describes characteristics of AAC communication and highlights potential limitations of the encoding process.
AAC as Sender Support
- Facilitates communication by simplifying the process from Intention to Articulation.
- AAC users must navigate two lexicons: an internal lexicon (mental vocabulary) and an external lexicon (device's vocabulary).
AAC System Understanding
- The Sender-Message-Receiver model provides a framework for understanding AAC processes.
- AAC intervention focuses on facilitating access, enhancing ease of comprehension and use.
Access
- Physical Access: Facilitates observable behaviors for initiating communication.
- Mental Access: Fosters comprehension and access to information, often through structuring and simplifying information.
- Portability: Ensures accessibility of communication tools in various environments.
Sender Access Facilitation
- Intentionality: Establishing a relationship between behaviors and resulting responses.
- Lexicon Accessibility: Ensuring easy retrieval of high-frequency words.
- Lexicon Size: Determines the extent to which fluent and effective communication is possible.
- Message Assembly Techniques: Utilizing pre-stored phrases and word prediction to accelerate communication.
- Message Externalizing: Selecting appropriate modalities and expressive strategies for communication.
Communication Modalities
- Visual: Graphic symbols, pictures.
- Tangible: Small objects passed between sender and receiver.
- Vocal: Sounds.
- Eye Gaze: Looking at a specific element.
- Gestures: Movements of the body or arms.
- Touch: Pointing or contact with objects.
- Typing: Using a keyboard or other device.
- Brain Activity: Brain-Computer Interaction (BCI)
Communication Tools
- Speech Generating Devices: Utilize synthesized or digitized speech for communication.
- Communication Boards & Symbol Displays: Visual aids with symbols for communication.
- Tactile Symbols: Objects used for communication.
- Switches: Single-movement responses used for communication.
- Non-Dedicated Devices: Adapting everyday devices (cell phones, computers, tablets) for communication.
Cognitive Processes in AAC
- Word Finding: Retrieving words from memory.
- Motor Patterns: Using physical movements to activate AAC tools.
- Pattern Recognition: Identifying and using patterns of symbols and messages.
Message Transmission
- Multimodality: Incorporating various communication modalities.
- Materialization Principle: Transforming thoughts into tangible outputs.
The Receiver's Role
- Understanding the Message: Active listening and interpretation.
- Providing Feedback: Acknowledging and clarifying the message.
- Adapting Communication Style: Adjusting communication strategies for optimal understanding.
- Encouragement and Support: Showing interest and empathy.
Assistance of Communication Partners
- Facilitate Access: Setup, maintenance and modeling.
- Support Navigation: Assistance with device usage and model use.
- Encourage Effective Use: Engagement and feedback.
- Create a Supportive Environment: Facilitate effective communication.
Points to Remember
- Communication partners play a crucial role in successful AAC.
- Access facilitation: enhances, accelerates, or provides alternative strategies.
- Cognitive processes are essential for symbol retrieval, message assembly, and short-term memory management.
- AAC utilizes intentionality, lexicon, message assembly, externalizing, behaviors, and tools for successful communication.
Mental and Physical Access
- Mental Access: Conceptualizing messages, retrieving symbols, and planning utterances.
- Physical Access: Behaviors required to convey planned messages.
Access Facilitation
- Reinforces, accelerates, or circumvents typical speech processes.
- Combines physical behaviors and internal processes for communication.
Symbol and Message Selection
- Screen navigation and icon sequencing utilize different cognitive processes.
Integration of Non-Communication Technologies
- Smart House Technology: Integration with home automation systems.
- Avatar Technology: Graphical representation of the individual to convey communication.
- Smart Assistants: Use of speech-generating devices for verbal communication.
Conclusions
- Technological advancements have made AAC devices more powerful and accessible.
- Evaluating the functionalities of AAC devices based on the communication process stages is crucial.
Assistive Technology
- Uses tools to aid individuals in everyday life.
- Requires information, training, modeling, counseling, and feedback for effective implementation.
Recent Technological Advancements in AAC
- Devices are becoming more portable, affordable, and easier to access.
- Mobile computing devices are increasingly user-driven, offering more independence for users.
Neuro-Prosthetics
- Aims to aid motor, sensory, and cognitive functions using internal body control.
One-Message-Generating Devices
- Beneficial for learning intentional communication.
Developing Intervention Plans
- Progress from simple one-message devices to more complex ones.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) and the terminology surrounding communication, language, and speech. Understanding aided and unaided communication methods is essential for therapeutic interventions that accommodate individuals with complex communication needs.