Untitled Quiz

Created by

@SufficientBarium

Study Notes

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
Bones are living tissues that have a blood supply and they store minerals such as calcium.
Bones come in many different shapes and sizes and have many different functions in the body.

Where two bones meet together a "joint" is formed.
There are 3 different types of joints found in the body.
We are going to focus on synovial joints because they are the type of joint that provides movement.

Smooth Muscles
- Lining of intestinal organs
- Involuntary (not under our control)
Cardiac Muscles
- Heart muscle
- Involuntary
Skeletal Muscles
- Supports and moves the skeleton
- Voluntary (we can control them)

Concentric Contraction
- Occurs when the muscle shortens. For example, the biceps shortens when lifting a weight.
Eccentric Contraction (also called a "negative")
- Occurs when the muscle fibres lengthen as the muscle is still contracting. For example, the biceps lengthens as you set down a weight.
Isometric Contraction
- Occurs when the muscle is contracting but the muscle does not change in length. For example, when you try to lift a table that is bolted to the floor.

Tendons - attach muscle to bone
Ligaments - join bone to bone
Hypertrophy - increase in muscle fibre size (bigger muscles)
Muscle Atrophy - a decrease in muscle size due to lack of activity (eg. broken leg)

Rectus Abdominis (Abs) - Flexes Trunk
Obliques - Side bending and rotation
Trapezius (Traps) - Raises and lowers shoulders, retracts scapula, extends neck
Rhomboids - Retract scapula
Latissimus Dorsi (Lats) - Adduction of arm, extends arm

Pectoralis Major (Pecs) - Adduction of arm, brings arm across chest
Rotator Cuff Muscles (found on scapula) - Internal and external rotation of arm
Deltoid (3 heads)
- Anterior head - Flexes arm
- Lateral head - Abducts arm
- Posterior head - Extends arm
Biceps Brachii (Biceps) - Elbow flexion
Triceps Brachii (Triceps) - Elbow extension

Gluteals (Gluts) - Hip extension, hip abduction
- Largest called Gluteus Maximus
Quadriceps (Quads) - Hip flexion, knee extension
- Largest of the four muscles is called Rectus Femoris
Hamstrings - Hip Extension, knee flexion
- Made up of three muscles
Sartorius - Knee extension, hip flexion
Calf Muscles - Knee flexion, plantar flexion
- Gastrocnemius and Soleus (deep)

Isolating Muscles: When doing any exercise you should try and isolate the muscle you are working on. The more you isolate the muscle, the more resistance is applied to that muscle.