Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of bones that is highlighted in the content?
What is the primary function of bones that is highlighted in the content?
Skeletal muscles are involuntary muscles.
Skeletal muscles are involuntary muscles.
False
What are the names of the three types of muscle contractions?
What are the names of the three types of muscle contractions?
Concentric contraction, Eccentric contraction, Isometric contraction
______ attach muscle to bone.
______ attach muscle to bone.
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Match the type of muscle with its characteristics:
Match the type of muscle with its characteristics:
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What is the primary function of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?
What is the primary function of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?
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The Latissimus Dorsi muscle is responsible for the adduction of the arm.
The Latissimus Dorsi muscle is responsible for the adduction of the arm.
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Name one function of the Hamstrings.
Name one function of the Hamstrings.
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The largest muscle in the gluteal group is the __________.
The largest muscle in the gluteal group is the __________.
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Match the following muscles with their primary function:
Match the following muscles with their primary function:
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Study Notes
Bones
- The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
- Bones are living tissues that have a blood supply and they store minerals such as calcium.
- Bones come in many different shapes and sizes and have many different functions in the body.
Types of Joints
- Where two bones meet together a "joint" is formed.
- There are 3 different types of joints found in the body.
- We are going to focus on synovial joints because they are the type of joint that provides movement.
Types of Muscles
-
Smooth Muscles
- Lining of intestinal organs
- Involuntary (not under our control)
-
Cardiac Muscles
- Heart muscle
- Involuntary
-
Skeletal Muscles
- Supports and moves the skeleton
- Voluntary (we can control them)
Types of Muscle Contractions
-
Concentric Contraction
- Occurs when the muscle shortens. For example, the biceps shortens when lifting a weight.
-
Eccentric Contraction (also called a "negative")
- Occurs when the muscle fibres lengthen as the muscle is still contracting. For example, the biceps lengthens as you set down a weight.
-
Isometric Contraction
- Occurs when the muscle is contracting but the muscle does not change in length. For example, when you try to lift a table that is bolted to the floor.
Muscle Terminology
- Tendons - attach muscle to bone
- Ligaments - join bone to bone
- Hypertrophy - increase in muscle fibre size (bigger muscles)
- Muscle Atrophy - a decrease in muscle size due to lack of activity (eg. broken leg)
Abdominal & Back Muscles - Function
- Rectus Abdominis (Abs) - Flexes Trunk
- Obliques - Side bending and rotation
- Trapezius (Traps) - Raises and lowers shoulders, retracts scapula, extends neck
- Rhomboids - Retract scapula
- Latissimus Dorsi (Lats) - Adduction of arm, extends arm
Chest and Arm Muscles - Function
- Pectoralis Major (Pecs) - Adduction of arm, brings arm across chest
- Rotator Cuff Muscles (found on scapula) - Internal and external rotation of arm
-
Deltoid (3 heads)
- Anterior head - Flexes arm
- Lateral head - Abducts arm
- Posterior head - Extends arm
- Biceps Brachii (Biceps) - Elbow flexion
- Triceps Brachii (Triceps) - Elbow extension
Leg Muscles - Function
-
Gluteals (Gluts) - Hip extension, hip abduction
- Largest called Gluteus Maximus
-
Quadriceps (Quads) - Hip flexion, knee extension
- Largest of the four muscles is called Rectus Femoris
-
Hamstrings - Hip Extension, knee flexion
- Made up of three muscles
- Sartorius - Knee extension, hip flexion
-
Calf Muscles - Knee flexion, plantar flexion
- Gastrocnemius and Soleus (deep)
Weight Training Tips
- Isolating Muscles: When doing any exercise you should try and isolate the muscle you are working on. The more you isolate the muscle, the more resistance is applied to that muscle.
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