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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct equation for gravitational force (F) between two point masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ separated by a distance r?
Which of the following is the correct equation for gravitational force (F) between two point masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ separated by a distance r?
- $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$ (correct)
- $F = G \frac{m_1^2 m_2^2}{r^2}$
- $F = G \frac{m_1 + m_2}{r^2}$
- $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r}$
A geostationary orbit requires a satellite to orbit in any plane as long as its period is 24 hours and it maintains a fixed position relative to Earth.
A geostationary orbit requires a satellite to orbit in any plane as long as its period is 24 hours and it maintains a fixed position relative to Earth.
False (B)
Besides the density of a liquid, list two other physical properties of materials that can be used for measuring temperature.
Besides the density of a liquid, list two other physical properties of materials that can be used for measuring temperature.
Any two of: Thermoelectric properties, resistance, volume
In a mercury thermometer, temperature measurement relies on the principle that the _______ of mercury varies with temperature.
In a mercury thermometer, temperature measurement relies on the principle that the _______ of mercury varies with temperature.
Match the properties mentioned with their applications in temperature measurement:
Match the properties mentioned with their applications in temperature measurement:
What is the defining equation for simple harmonic motion (SHM)?
What is the defining equation for simple harmonic motion (SHM)?
In simple harmonic motion, damping always increases the angular frequency of the oscillations.
In simple harmonic motion, damping always increases the angular frequency of the oscillations.
In the context of oscillations, what is meant by 'damping'?
In the context of oscillations, what is meant by 'damping'?
In a system undergoing oscillations, if the oscillations are lightly damped, it means that the damping force is _______, leading to a gradual decrease in amplitude.
In a system undergoing oscillations, if the oscillations are lightly damped, it means that the damping force is _______, leading to a gradual decrease in amplitude.
Match the following terms with their definitions relating to electric fields:
Match the following terms with their definitions relating to electric fields:
What does the direction of an electric field line indicate?
What does the direction of an electric field line indicate?
The electric field is always the same regardless of the charge or mass of the particle entering the region between the plates.
The electric field is always the same regardless of the charge or mass of the particle entering the region between the plates.
If a proton and a helium nucleus enter an electric field with the same initial velocity, explain how their final speeds compare after leaving the region of the electric field.
If a proton and a helium nucleus enter an electric field with the same initial velocity, explain how their final speeds compare after leaving the region of the electric field.
The two-way switch S is initially at position X. Once moved to position Y, the capacitor _______ through wire P.
The two-way switch S is initially at position X. Once moved to position Y, the capacitor _______ through wire P.
Match the following circuit components with their effects on the time constant (\tau) of a discharging RC circuit:
Match the following circuit components with their effects on the time constant (\tau) of a discharging RC circuit:
In the equation $V_H = \frac{BI}{ntq}$ for Hall voltage, what does 'n' represent?
In the equation $V_H = \frac{BI}{ntq}$ for Hall voltage, what does 'n' represent?
A thicker slice of material in a Hall probe increases the Hall voltage.
A thicker slice of material in a Hall probe increases the Hall voltage.
In the context of the Hall effect, explain why a thin slice of material is used in a Hall probe.
In the context of the Hall effect, explain why a thin slice of material is used in a Hall probe.
In a sinusoidal alternating voltage, the ____________ voltage is the root-mean-square voltage multiplied by √2.
In a sinusoidal alternating voltage, the ____________ voltage is the root-mean-square voltage multiplied by √2.
Match the terms with the types of energy associated with them:
Match the terms with the types of energy associated with them:
What happens to the air surrounding a piezoelectric crystal when an alternating voltage is applied to it?
What happens to the air surrounding a piezoelectric crystal when an alternating voltage is applied to it?
Increasing the frequency of incident radiation while keeping the power constant increases the rate of emission of photoelectrons.
Increasing the frequency of incident radiation while keeping the power constant increases the rate of emission of photoelectrons.
What is meant by the 'work function energy' of a metal?
What is meant by the 'work function energy' of a metal?
The radiant flux intensity of a star observed from Earth _______ as the distance from Earth increases.
The radiant flux intensity of a star observed from Earth _______ as the distance from Earth increases.
Which process is characterized as both random and spontaneous?
Which process is characterized as both random and spontaneous?
Flashcards
Gravitational Force
Gravitational Force
The force between two point masses, proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Orbital Period
Orbital Period
The time taken for a satellite to complete one orbit around a celestial body.
Geostationary Orbit
Geostationary Orbit
An orbit where a satellite remains in the same position relative to a rotating planet.
Temperature
Temperature
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Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
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Defining equation for SHM
Defining equation for SHM
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Amplitude (oscillations)
Amplitude (oscillations)
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Damping
Damping
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Electric Field
Electric Field
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Capacitance
Capacitance
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Time Constant (Capacitor)
Time Constant (Capacitor)
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Hall Voltage
Hall Voltage
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Work Function
Work Function
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Luminosity
Luminosity
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Random Decay
Random Decay
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Spontaneous Decay
Spontaneous Decay
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Study Notes
- This is the Cambridge Assessment International Education, Cambridge International AS & A Level PHYSICS paper 9702/41 for October/November 2022.
- The exam duration is 2 hours.
- The total mark for this paper is 100.
Data
- Acceleration of free fall (g) is 9.81 m s⁻².
- Speed of light in free space (c) is 3.00 x 10⁸ m s⁻¹.
- Elementary charge (e) is 1.60 x 10⁻¹⁹ C.
- Unified atomic mass unit (1 u) is 1.66 × 10⁻²⁷ kg.
- Rest mass of proton (mp) is 1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ kg.
- Rest mass of electron (me) is 9.11 x 10⁻³¹ kg.
- Avogadro constant (Nₐ) is 6.02 × 10²³ mol⁻¹.
- Molar gas constant (R) is 8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹.
- Boltzmann constant (k) is 1.38 x 10⁻²³ J K⁻¹.
- Gravitational constant (G) is 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻².
- Permittivity of free space (ε₀) is 8.85 x 10⁻¹² F m⁻¹ and (1/(4πε₀)) is 8.99 × 10⁹ m F⁻¹.
- Planck constant (h) is 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ Js.
- Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ) is 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W m⁻² K⁻⁴.
Formulae
- Uniformly accelerated motion equations: s = ut + (1/2)at², v² = u² + 2as.
- Hydrostatic pressure: Δp = ρgh.
- Upthrust: F = ρgV.
- Doppler effect for sound waves: f₀ = fₛ(v/(v ± vₛ)).
- Electric current: I = Anvq.
- Resistors in series: R = R₁ + R₂ + ...
- Resistors in parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ...
- Gravitational potential (Φ) is GM/r.
- Gravitational potential energy (Eₚ) is -GMm/r.
- Pressure of an ideal gas: p = (1/3)(N/V)⟨c²⟩.
- Simple harmonic motion: a = -ω²x.
- Velocity of particle in s.h.m.: v = v₀cosωt and v = ±ω√(x₀² - x²).
- Electric potential (V) is Q/(4πε₀r).
- Electrical potential energy (Eₚ) is Qq/(4πε₀r).
- Capacitors in series: 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ...
- Capacitors in parallel: C = C₁ + C₂ + ...
- Discharge of a capacitor: x = x₀e^(-t/RC).
- Hall voltage: Vᴴ = BI/(ntq).
- Alternating current/voltage: x = x₀sinωt.
- Radioactive decay: x = x₀e^(-λt).
- Decay constant: λ = 0.693/t₁/₂.
- Intensity reflection coefficient: Iᵣ/I₀ = (Z₁ - Z₂)² / (Z₁ + Z₂)²
- Stefan-Boltzmann law: L = 4πσr²T⁴.
- Doppler redshift: Δλ/λ ≈ Δf/f ≈ v/c.
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