Internal 2 credit

What disease should we suppose in patient with arterial hypertension and hypokalemia:

Addison´s disease

Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) (correct)

Gastrointestinal potassium losses

In patient with hyperkalemia and hyponatremia we suppose following disease:

Cushing syndrome

Addison's disease (correct)

Conn's syndrome

All of the above

Dexametasone test is indicated in patients with suspected:

Hypercortisolism (correct)

Hypocorticism

Hypothyroidisim

Hyperaldosteronism

Arterial Hypertension does not occur in:

Addison's disease Signup and view all the answers

clinical manifestation of pituitary adenoma contains these symptoms EXCEPT:

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Chvostek sign with hypocalcemia is typical symptom of:

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Low fT4 and high TSH indicate a:

Peripheral (primary) hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Causes of hyperprolactinaemia include the following EXCEPT:

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Increased level of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood is the sign of:

Increased erythropoiesis Signup and view all the answers

The most sensitive laboratory method for evaluation of pheochromocytoma is:

Plasma meta and normetanephrines Signup and view all the answers

Polyuria following head trauma is usually caused by

Central diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

Laser photocoagulation is used for the treatment of:

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Signup and view all the answers

Group of specific types of diabetes mellitus includes:

All the above-mentioned causes Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is not typical for thyrotoxicosis

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

The recognized features of Cushing´s syndrome do NOT include:

Bruising, hematomas Signup and view all the answers

The following are recognized features of hypoparathyroidism:

Icteria spasms Signup and view all the answers

Destructive lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid gland is typical for

Hashimoto´s thyroiditis Signup and view all the answers

The following could be features of hypothyroidism:

Addison’s disease Signup and view all the answers

Causes of hypokalemia may be:

Conn's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

A 27 year old woman complained of polyuria and polydipsia. Possible diagnose does NOT include:

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Causes of hypercalcemia do not include:

Multiple myeloma Signup and view all the answers

Female patient with history of treated primary hypothyroidism (treated with substitution dose of thyroxine) becomes pregnant. What would you advise

To continue with thyroxine substitution, potentially increase the dose Signup and view all the answers

Sideropenic anemia is characterized by:

Elevated soluble transferrin receptor Signup and view all the answers

For pernicious anemia are specific:

Antibodies against intrinsic factor Signup and view all the answers

Clinical signs of anemic syndrome:

Subjective symptoms include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, palpitation, dizziness Signup and view all the answers

Megaloblastic anemia:

May be due to a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

Thrombocytopenia is not caused by:

Bone marrow depression (idiopathic, drug induced) Signup and view all the answers

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with elevated serum concentration of:

Calcitonin and occasionally carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Signup and view all the answers

Bence Jones protein paraprotein in the urine is examined to diagnose:

Multiple myeloma – plasmacytoma Signup and view all the answers

In myelodysplastic syndrome is:

Thrombocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Haptoglobin:

Is the hemoglobin outside the red cells – so called free hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can be caused by all of these conditions EXCEPT

Chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

Hypoparathyroidism is associated with the following symptoms

Tetany Signup and view all the answers

Hyperparathyroidism is NOT associated with the following

Aseptic meningitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of following is a sign of hyperthyroidism?

Sweating Signup and view all the answers

Cushing´ s disease includes these symptoms EXCEPT

Cachexia Signup and view all the answers

Which of following is a sign of hypothyroidism?

Dry, cold skin Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of Cushing's syndrome?

Purple or red striae Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of Addison's disease?

Darkening of the skin Signup and view all the answers

Dopamine is:

Prolactine inhibiting hormone Signup and view all the answers

Primary hypocowticism is associated with the following electrolyte changes

Hyponatremia and hyperkaliemia Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is not used to treat prolactinoma?

Haloperidol Signup and view all the answers

Which marker is used for follow up of patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer?

Thyroglobulin Signup and view all the answers

Co-occurence of arterial hypertension and hypokalemia is most characteristic for

Primary hyperaldosteronism Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can cause thyrotoxic crisis?

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

What is not a cause of hypercalciaemia?

Acute pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

Highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of pheochromocytoma has the following test

Urinary metanephrines and normetanephrines Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of hyperparathyroidism?

Peptic ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is not used to treat hypercalciaemia?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Diagnosis of Cushing´s syndrom is based on the following tests EXCEPT

Urinary metanephrines Signup and view all the answers

Which of these acute diabetes complications is typical for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1)?

Diabetic ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

Choose non-autoimmune disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrinopathy is not typically connected with diabetes?

Addison's disease Signup and view all the answers

Insulin stimulates

Glucose transport to muscles, adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

Diabetic triad contains these symptoms EXCEPT

Convulsions Signup and view all the answers

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is NOT associated with

Ketonuria Signup and view all the answers

Which of these criteria is not diagnostic for diabetes?

PPG (postprandial plasma glucose) 5,6-6,9 mmol/L Signup and view all the answers

What is not typical for diabetes mellitus type 1?

Insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

Select FALSE statement about diabetic ketoacidosis

A significant number of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients presents in ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which antidiabetic drug decreases insulin resistance:

Metformin Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is the most important diagnostic test for pituitary adenomas?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

Anti-21-hydroxylate antibodies are markers of:

Addison's disease Signup and view all the answers

Long term glycemic control (2-3 months) in patients with diabetes mellitus can be assessed by examination of

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) Signup and view all the answers

Which antibodies don't play a role in pathogenesis of thyreopathies?

Anti-D cells Signup and view all the answers

Low reticulocyte concentration is NOT characteristic for

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Signup and view all the answers

Insulin tolerance test with hypoglycemia is used as:

Provocative test for growth hormone deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Patients with chronic kidney disease usually present with

Normocytic normochromic anaemia Signup and view all the answers

Saline infusion test is used to diagnose:

Conn's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Dexamethasone suppression test is used to diagnose:

Cushing's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Low serum iron concentration, elevated iron binding capacity, low transferring saturation, low ferritin, elevated soluble transferin receptor indicate:

Sideropenia (iron deficiency) Signup and view all the answers

Anemia is defined by the level of hemoglobin in the blood:

Below 135 g/L in men and below 120 g/L in women Signup and view all the answers

Jaundice can be a typical manifestation of:

Haemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

In pregnant women anaemia is diagnosed by the following WHO criteria

Hemoglobin less than 110 g/l or haematocrit less than 0,33 (33%) Signup and view all the answers

Direct Coomb's tests are used to diagnose:

Immune haemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Macrocytosis is present in the following conditions EXCEPT

Thalassemia Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a symptom of anemia?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is NOT typical for hemolytic anemia?

Elevated haptoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy is indicated EXCEPT

Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

Antibodies against intrinsic factor are typical for:

Pernicious anemia Signup and view all the answers

Preffered site for bone marrow aspiration/biopsy in adults is

Posterior superior iliac spine (iliac crest) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false for microcytic anemia with iron deficiency?

High ferritin Signup and view all the answers

Macrocytic anemia is connected with:

Folate deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Side effects of anaemia treatment include the following EXCEPT

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) supplementation is associated with agranulocytosis Signup and view all the answers

How can we diagnose the diabetes mellitus?

Signup and view all the answers

Dynamic test in endocrinology????

Signup and view all the answers

Test for acromegaly

Oral glucose test Growth hormone values Signup and view all the answers

For myelofibrosis is not typical:

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

When do we use insulin test

Subcutaneously insulin to patients who dosen´t suffer from Diabetes Mellitus -> we use the test reserve of the pituitary gland (no damage) GH preserve Signup and view all the answers

Myelofibrosis can occur after:

Polycytaemia vera Signup and view all the answers

When do we use water deprivation test

Suspection of Diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

Low ferritin occurs in:

Iron deficiency anaemia Signup and view all the answers

When do we use dexamethasone?

Suspection of Cushing syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycemia does not occur in:

Glucagonoma Signup and view all the answers

To contrarregulatory hormones (activation in presence of hypoglycemia) does not belong:

T3 and T4 Signup and view all the answers

JAK-2 kinase mutation is present in patient with:

Polycytaemia vera Signup and view all the answers

The most common cause of thyroid cancer is:

Papillary cancer Signup and view all the answers

Kohn syndrome is characterized by two things:

a) Atrial hypertension b) Hypocalcemia - primary hypoaldosterone Signup and view all the answers

Characterize hypoglycemia by values

Milieus by liter below 3.5 (4 mmol/L) Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What endocrinological pathies (?) have something in common?

Liverherosis Nephrotic syndrome Secondary hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Activation of the renin system

Hypoperfusion of the kidney and glomerulus system, fluid in the 3rd space Swollen patients/ edema Signup and view all the answers

Wide adisonic?

Central higher ATCH Signup and view all the answers

the mineral and central in the Addisons disease

Problem with adrenocortex -hyperkalemia typical during hyper something idk need to find out. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common endocrine pathy (?) worldwide?

Hasshimoto, women dominant <ul> <li>Thyroid gland, autoimmune thyroiditis</li> </ul> Direct against thyroid globulin, leads to hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Typical for Grave´s disease

Overproduction of thyroid hormone, ab stimulates TSH receptors, High T3, T4 and low TSH Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid cancer

Medullary carcinoma. calcitonin effects peripheral cells Signup and view all the answers

Anemia

12 in women g/l - 130 13,5 in men - below 130 Pregnancy 2nd semester borderline Signup and view all the answers

Diseases that are diagnosed only after bone marrow examination

<ul> <li>Aspiration - Trepanobiopsy - something needle</li> <li>Spina iliaca posterior</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Diseases we need for diagnosis of bone examination (??)

- myelodysplastic syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Blood transfusion

- Matching blood, universal donor and acceptor <ul> <li>Blood compatibility -> test done of patients blood</li> <li>Bedside test - anti A and anti B - Blood sample from the patient and donor</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What to check in patient before blood transfusion?

- Measure bp, pulse, temp and urine chemically due to if reaction bp will go done and tachycardia will occur and hemolysis in the urine. <ul> <li>Fridge for 3 days after transfusion (sample)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Values of hemoglobin where blood transfusion is needed

Below 7 g/dl or 70 per litre Or gastrointestinal bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

Microalbuminuria is marker of:

Global Endothel Dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid cancer that is able to produce calcitonin is:

Medular cancer of thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Prognostic markers in chronic lymphatic leukemia is:

Beta-2 microglobulin Signup and view all the answers

Bone fragility is not typical for:

Phaemochromocytoma Signup and view all the answers

Excessive thirst does not occur in:

Cushing's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Weight gain occurs in:

Cushing disease Signup and view all the answers

To the causes of SIADH does not belong:

Primary polydipsia Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes insipidus diagnosis is made with:

Water deprivation test Signup and view all the answers

To the causes of hypernatremia does not belong:

SIADH Signup and view all the answers

Macrocytic anaemia is not typical for patients with:

Iron deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Hypereosinophylia does not occur in:

Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease Signup and view all the answers

For primary hypoadrenalism is not typical:

Hyperanatraemia Signup and view all the answers

Anemia with hemoglobin levels 78 g/L, MCV 110 fl is called:

Severe macrocytic anaemia Signup and view all the answers

Diabetic neuropathy does not increase the risk of:

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

The most common causes of hypercalcemia do not involve:

Cancer with osteoblastic metastases Signup and view all the answers

Primary hyperparathyroidism does not cause:

Diarrhoea Signup and view all the answers

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purport (what is not correct):

It must always be treated with thrombocyte transfusion Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycemia does not occur in:

Adrenal adenoma Signup and view all the answers

Secondary arterial hypertension does not occur in:

Addison disease Signup and view all the answers

To the acute complications of diabetes mellitus does not belong:

Acute renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Secondary diabetes mellitus does not occur in:

Crohn. disease Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when?

Fasting plasma glucose is ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and random plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L Signup and view all the answers

For diabetes insipidus is not typical:

Anuria Signup and view all the answers

Hyperosmolar coma is not a typical complication of:

DM1 Signup and view all the answers

Elevation of TSH with normal levels of T4 and T3 is called:

Subclinical hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Patient with chronic kidney disease usually present with

Normocytic normochromic anemia Signup and view all the answers

The following endocrine disease could cause hyperpigmentation

Addison´s Signup and view all the answers

Conn's syndrome - choose an incorrect statement:

is secondary hyperaldosteronism Signup and view all the answers

Addison´s disease can be associated with

Abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

Causes of high prolactin level include:

All above statements are true Signup and view all the answers

Chvostek sign is typical symptom of:

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Term "specific diabetes mellitus types" includes:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Side effect of metformin can be

Diarrhea, lactic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Low fT4 and high TSH indicate:

Peripheral (primary) hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Elevated soluble transferin receptor level typically indicates:

Iron deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Dexametason test is indicated in patients with suspected:

Hypercortisolism Signup and view all the answers

The most sensitive lab method for evaluation:

Plasma meta and normetanephrines Signup and view all the answers

Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms include:

Signs of dehydration, hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

a 27-year old woman complained of polyuria and polydipsia. Possible diagnose does NOT include:

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetic patients typically occurs

After missing an insulin shot or administering a wrong insulin dose Signup and view all the answers

Laser photocoagulation is used for the treatment of:

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Signup and view all the answers

Prolactine - secreting pituitary adenoma in males leads to:

Loss of libido and impotence Signup and view all the answers

The following could be features of hypothyroidism:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Low number of retrulocytes in the peripheral blood is NOT a characteristic of:

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of autonomic diabetic neuropathy do NOT include:

Sinus bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

Arterial hypertension does not occur in:

Addison disease Signup and view all the answers

The following is NOT a recognized feature of primary hyperparathyroidism:

Retane Signup and view all the answers

The following are recogniced features of hypoparathyroidism:

Spasms Signup and view all the answers

Outpatient screening methods for confirming the presence Cushing´s syndrome include:

Overnight dexamethasone test Signup and view all the answers

The following is NOT a recognized feature of primary hyperparathyroidism:

Retane Signup and view all the answers

Medullary thyrocarcinoma is associated with elevated serum concentration of:

Sometimes calcitonin... Signup and view all the answers

The following statement is NOT true regarding acromegaly

Occurs in children Signup and view all the answers

Haptoglobin

Is decreased in hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

The recognized features of Cushing syndrome DO NOT include

Growth spurt Signup and view all the answers

Prolactine - secreting pituitary adenoma in females lead to:

Infertility, galactorea Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of type 1 diabetes are NOT used:

insulin secretagogues Signup and view all the answers

typical signs of decompensated diabetes include:

thirst, tiredness, polyuria Signup and view all the answers

Signs of hypocortisolism typically DO NOT include:

weight pain Signup and view all the answers

Patient on thyroxine substitution therapy due to peripheral hypothyroidism has a serum TSH of 2.53 mIU/L (normal: 0.27 - 4.5 mIU/L). This finding means that the dose of thyroxine is:

accurate Signup and view all the answers

Graphite marks on the gingiva and buccal mucosa suggest:

Chronic mercury poisoning Signup and view all the answers

Asthma cardiale

Is a typical feature of the left heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Ortopnoe is

breathlesness at the rest with typical sitting position Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac oedemas are :

sign of left heart failure Signup and view all the answers

There is a typical sign for the peripheral cyanosis

Cold acral parts Signup and view all the answers

Hepatojugullar reflux is a typical sign of

right heart failure Signup and view all the answers

The place for the auscultation of the pulmonary artery is

<ol start="2"> <li>intercostal space parasternal left</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is necessary to be performed in patients with cold thyroid nodule

Fine needle aspiration cytology Signup and view all the answers

Arterial hypertension does not occur in:

Addison´s disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of following symptoms is not present in patients with hypocorticism:

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is confirmed by:

glycemia > 11.0 mmol/L after 2nd hour of oGTT Signup and view all the answers

Glucocorticoids are produced predominantly in:

Zona fasciculata Signup and view all the answers

Dexametason test is indicated in patients with suspected:

Hypercortisolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical adverse effect of the glucocorticoid treatment:

all mentioned effects Signup and view all the answers

Choose an INCORRECT statement about the therapy of thyrotoxic crisis:

In patients with thyrotoxic crisis salicylates are always used to treat fever Signup and view all the answers

Chvostek sign is typical symptoms

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical laboratory finding in patient with primary hyperparathyroidism:

Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia Signup and view all the answers

For acromegaly diagnosis it is crucial to assess:

Basal levels of GH, IGF1, and oGTT Signup and view all the answers

Low FT4 and high TSH indicate a:

Peripheral (primary) hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Clinical symptoms of acromegaly DO NOT include:

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

The most sensitive laboratory method for evaluation of pheochromocytoma is:

Urinary catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

High plasma ACTH and low plasma cortisol indicate:

Hypercorticism Signup and view all the answers

Choose a correct statement about diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (WHO criteria):

Raised fasting venous glucose ≥7 mmol/l or glycaemia whenever during the day ≥ 11,1 mmol/l in two random separate occasions confirms diabetes diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes insipidus therapy is based on:

Administration of ACE inhibitors, which increase adrenal tubular cells sensitivity to vasopressin Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder due to

deficiency of the insulin Signup and view all the answers

For diabetes mellitus 1. type is typical

absolute deficiency of the insulin Signup and view all the answers

Choose the CORRECT statement:

Clinical symptoms of hypopituitarism are similar to symptoms of hormone excess of target endocrine glands. Signup and view all the answers

Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms include:

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic coma is not characterised by

metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycaemia is typical feature of:

all the above mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Typical laboratory findings in peripheral hypothyroids are:

Decreased free T4, increased TSH Signup and view all the answers

Leucopaenia is

Decreased number of the white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Normal level of hemoglobine in a women is

120 – 165 g/l Signup and view all the answers

Clinical complications of Cushing syndrome DO NOT include:

Nephrocalcinosis Signup and view all the answers

Number of the leucocytes in a healthy subjects is

4000 – 10 000 Signup and view all the answers

Trombocytopaenia is

Decreased number of the platelets Signup and view all the answers

Acromegaly treatment DOES NOT include:

Radioactive Ytrium therapy Signup and view all the answers

The most important for the prevention of diabetic microangiopathy is

normoglycaemia Signup and view all the answers

Steatorhea is

A lot of fat in the stool Signup and view all the answers

The C-peptid level in blood:

can be the indicator of the formation of endogenous insulin Signup and view all the answers

Fasting glucose level of 7.5 mmol/L corresponds to:

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycemia is NOT caused by:

Glitazones Signup and view all the answers

Increased number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood is the sign of:

increased erythropoesis Signup and view all the answers

The clinical symptom of megaloblastic anemia is not:

peripheral neuritis, disturbances of deep sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

The insulin is produced by

B-cells of Langerhans islets Signup and view all the answers

During the dexamethasone test in peripheral Cushing syndrome:

Decrease in plasma cortisol is present as soon as the dose of dexamethasone reaches 2 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

Hemolytic anemia causes in a serum increase of:

the indirect bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

In a healthy individual, insulin-induced hypoglycemia (insulin test) leads to an increase of:

Estradiol Signup and view all the answers

The most important criterion for anemia diagnosis is:

a decrease in the amount of haemoglobin below the physiological value Signup and view all the answers

The megaloblastic anaemias are:

makrocytic anaemias arising out of deficit of vitamin B12 or folic acid Signup and view all the answers

The main clinical features of the respiratory diseases are

Cough Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension IS NOT a part of the clinical pictures in:

Hypocortisolism Signup and view all the answers

Expiratory breathlesness is caused by

Stricture of the peripheral bronchial lumen Signup and view all the answers

Dull percussion is typical for

pleural effusion Signup and view all the answers

Increased serum calcium level, hypophosphatemia, and increased serum PTH concentration suggests:

Primary hyperparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

The Grafe ́s sign is typical for

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Clinical picture of hypoparathyroidism DOES NOT include:

Paresthesias, endocrine psycho syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Moon face is typical for

Cushing´s disease Signup and view all the answers

Murphy sign is

Painful reaction on the palpation of the gallblader in medioclavicular line right Signup and view all the answers

Hodking lymphoma is a malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Hodking lymphoma?

It is defined by Reed-Sternberg cells Signup and view all the answers

For the pleural effusion is typical

Weak or not present breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are not types of chronic myeloproliferative disorders?

Acute leukemia Signup and view all the answers

Melena is mostly induced by

Bleeding to the upper part of GIT Signup and view all the answers

Enterorhagia is

Presence of an undigested blood in the stool Signup and view all the answers

We use several different markers use in the clinic to assist our differential pf microcytic anemia. Which of the following types of microcytic anemia would have a reduced ferritin concentration?

Iron deficiency anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma?

EBV Signup and view all the answers

In terms of differentiating between ALL and AML, which of the following characteristics is more typical of AML?

Maturation defect is beyond a lymphoblast Signup and view all the answers

The blood results of one of your patients come back and reveals a pancytopenia. Which of the following symptoms or signs would you not expect to see in this patient?

Recurrent infection Signup and view all the answers

A 48-year-old woman has been admitted to the hospital after she presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal and flank pain, constipation, polyuria, muscle aches, and mood disturbances. On arrival, her serum calcium level is 13.8 mg/dL and her serum phosphate level is 2.1 mg/dL. Her urinary analysis reveals raised alkaline phosphatase and urinary cAMP levels. Which of the following best explains her low serum phosphate levels?

Increasing the resorption of bone and decreasing the renal phosphate reabsorptive Tm due to raised PTH levels Signup and view all the answers

A young girl presents with severe bleeding following dental procedures. Which of the following statements explains the reason why von Willebrand's disease would be the suitable initial investigative choice over hemophilia?

Hemophilia would result in more severe bleeds Signup and view all the answers