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Questions and Answers

What disease should we suppose in patient with arterial hypertension and hypokalemia:

  • Addison´s disease
  • Secondary hyperaldosteronism
  • Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) (correct)
  • Gastrointestinal potassium losses

    • In patient with hyperkalemia and hyponatremia we suppose following disease:

  • Cushing syndrome
  • Addison's disease (correct)
  • Conn's syndrome
  • All of the above

    • Dexametasone test is indicated in patients with suspected:

  • Hypercortisolism (correct)
  • Hypocorticism
  • Hypothyroidisim
  • Hyperaldosteronism

    • Arterial Hypertension does not occur in:

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    clinical manifestation of pituitary adenoma contains these symptoms EXCEPT:

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chvostek sign with hypocalcemia is typical symptom of:

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low fT4 and high TSH indicate a:

    <p>Peripheral (primary) hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causes of hyperprolactinaemia include the following EXCEPT:

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased level of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood is the sign of:

    <p>Increased erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most sensitive laboratory method for evaluation of pheochromocytoma is:

    <p>Plasma meta and normetanephrines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polyuria following head trauma is usually caused by

    <p>Central diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laser photocoagulation is used for the treatment of:

    <p>Proliferative diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group of specific types of diabetes mellitus includes:

    <p>All the above-mentioned causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is not typical for thyrotoxicosis

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recognized features of Cushing´s syndrome do NOT include:

    <p>Bruising, hematomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are recognized features of hypoparathyroidism:

    <p>Icteria spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Destructive lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid gland is typical for

    <p>Hashimoto´s thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following could be features of hypothyroidism:

    <p>Addison’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causes of hypokalemia may be:

    <p>Conn's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 27 year old woman complained of polyuria and polydipsia. Possible diagnose does NOT include:

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causes of hypercalcemia do not include:

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Female patient with history of treated primary hypothyroidism (treated with substitution dose of thyroxine) becomes pregnant. What would you advise

    <p>To continue with thyroxine substitution, potentially increase the dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sideropenic anemia is characterized by:

    <p>Elevated soluble transferrin receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For pernicious anemia are specific:

    <p>Antibodies against intrinsic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical signs of anemic syndrome:

    <p>Subjective symptoms include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, palpitation, dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Megaloblastic anemia:

    <p>May be due to a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thrombocytopenia is not caused by:

    <p>Bone marrow depression (idiopathic, drug induced)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with elevated serum concentration of:

    <p>Calcitonin and occasionally carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bence Jones protein paraprotein in the urine is examined to diagnose:

    <p>Multiple myeloma – plasmacytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In myelodysplastic syndrome is:

    <p>Thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haptoglobin:

    <p>Is the hemoglobin outside the red cells – so called free hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary hyperparathyroidism can be caused by all of these conditions EXCEPT

    <p>Chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoparathyroidism is associated with the following symptoms

    <p>Tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperparathyroidism is NOT associated with the following

    <p>Aseptic meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following is a sign of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cushing´ s disease includes these symptoms EXCEPT

    <p>Cachexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following is a sign of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Dry, cold skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are signs of Cushing's syndrome?

    <p>Purple or red striae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are signs of Addison's disease?

    <p>Darkening of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dopamine is:

    <p>Prolactine inhibiting hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary hypocowticism is associated with the following electrolyte changes

    <p>Hyponatremia and hyperkaliemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is not used to treat prolactinoma?

    <p>Haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marker is used for follow up of patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer?

    <p>Thyroglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Co-occurence of arterial hypertension and hypokalemia is most characteristic for

    <p>Primary hyperaldosteronism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause thyrotoxic crisis?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a cause of hypercalciaemia?

    <p>Acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of pheochromocytoma has the following test

    <p>Urinary metanephrines and normetanephrines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Peptic ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is not used to treat hypercalciaemia?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diagnosis of Cushing´s syndrom is based on the following tests EXCEPT

    <p>Urinary metanephrines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these acute diabetes complications is typical for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1)?

    <p>Diabetic ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose non-autoimmune disease

    <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrinopathy is not typically connected with diabetes?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin stimulates

    <p>Glucose transport to muscles, adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetic triad contains these symptoms EXCEPT

    <p>Convulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 2 diabetes mellitus is NOT associated with

    <p>Ketonuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these criteria is not diagnostic for diabetes?

    <p>PPG (postprandial plasma glucose) 5,6-6,9 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not typical for diabetes mellitus type 1?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select FALSE statement about diabetic ketoacidosis

    <p>A significant number of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients presents in ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidiabetic drug decreases insulin resistance:

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is the most important diagnostic test for pituitary adenomas?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-21-hydroxylate antibodies are markers of:

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long term glycemic control (2-3 months) in patients with diabetes mellitus can be assessed by examination of

    <p>Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies don't play a role in pathogenesis of thyreopathies?

    <p>Anti-D cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low reticulocyte concentration is NOT characteristic for

    <p>Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin tolerance test with hypoglycemia is used as:

    <p>Provocative test for growth hormone deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with chronic kidney disease usually present with

    <p>Normocytic normochromic anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saline infusion test is used to diagnose:

    <p>Conn's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dexamethasone suppression test is used to diagnose:

    <p>Cushing's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low serum iron concentration, elevated iron binding capacity, low transferring saturation, low ferritin, elevated soluble transferin receptor indicate:

    <p>Sideropenia (iron deficiency)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anemia is defined by the level of hemoglobin in the blood:

    <p>Below 135 g/L in men and below 120 g/L in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jaundice can be a typical manifestation of:

    <p>Haemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pregnant women anaemia is diagnosed by the following WHO criteria

    <p>Hemoglobin less than 110 g/l or haematocrit less than 0,33 (33%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Direct Coomb's tests are used to diagnose:

    <p>Immune haemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macrocytosis is present in the following conditions EXCEPT

    <p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a symptom of anemia?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is NOT typical for hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Elevated haptoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy is indicated EXCEPT

    <p>Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies against intrinsic factor are typical for:

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preffered site for bone marrow aspiration/biopsy in adults is

    <p>Posterior superior iliac spine (iliac crest)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is false for microcytic anemia with iron deficiency?

    <p>High ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macrocytic anemia is connected with:

    <p>Folate deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Side effects of anaemia treatment include the following EXCEPT

    <p>Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) supplementation is associated with agranulocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we diagnose the diabetes mellitus?

    Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic test in endocrinology????

    Signup and view all the answers

    Test for acromegaly

    <p>Oral glucose test Growth hormone values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For myelofibrosis is not typical:

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do we use insulin test

    <p>Subcutaneously insulin to patients who dosen´t suffer from Diabetes Mellitus -&gt; we use the test reserve of the pituitary gland (no damage)</p> <p>GH preserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myelofibrosis can occur after:

    <p>Polycytaemia vera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do we use water deprivation test

    <p>Suspection of Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low ferritin occurs in:

    <p>Iron deficiency anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do we use dexamethasone?

    <p>Suspection of Cushing syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia does not occur in:

    <p>Glucagonoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To contrarregulatory hormones (activation in presence of hypoglycemia) does not belong:

    <p>T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    JAK-2 kinase mutation is present in patient with:

    <p>Polycytaemia vera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of thyroid cancer is:

    <p>Papillary cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kohn syndrome is characterized by two things:

    <p>a) Atrial hypertension b) Hypocalcemia - primary hypoaldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Characterize hypoglycemia by values

    <p>Milieus by liter below 3.5 (4 mmol/L) Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What endocrinological pathies (?) have something in common?

    <p>Liverherosis Nephrotic syndrome Secondary hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activation of the renin system

    <p>Hypoperfusion of the kidney and glomerulus system, fluid in the 3rd space</p> <p>Swollen patients/ edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wide adisonic?

    <p>Central higher ATCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    the mineral and central in the Addisons disease

    <p>Problem with adrenocortex -hyperkalemia typical during hyper something idk need to find out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common endocrine pathy (?) worldwide?

    <p>Hasshimoto, women dominant</p> <ul> <li>Thyroid gland, autoimmune thyroiditis</li> </ul> <p>Direct against thyroid globulin, leads to hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical for Grave´s disease

    <p>Overproduction of thyroid hormone, ab stimulates TSH receptors, High T3, T4 and low TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroid cancer

    <p>Medullary carcinoma. calcitonin effects peripheral cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anemia

    <p>12 in women g/l - 130 13,5 in men - below 130 Pregnancy 2nd semester borderline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diseases that are diagnosed only after bone marrow examination

    <ul> <li>Aspiration - Trepanobiopsy - something needle</li> <li>Spina iliaca posterior</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Diseases we need for diagnosis of bone examination (??)

    <p>-  myelodysplastic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood transfusion

    <p>- Matching blood, universal donor and acceptor</p> <ul> <li>Blood compatibility -&gt; test done of patients blood</li> <li>Bedside test - anti A and anti B - Blood sample from the patient and donor</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What to check in patient before blood transfusion?

    <p>- Measure bp, pulse, temp and urine chemically due to if reaction bp will go done and tachycardia will occur and hemolysis in the urine.</p> <ul> <li>Fridge for 3 days after transfusion (sample)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Values of hemoglobin where blood transfusion is needed

    <p>Below 7 g/dl or 70 per litre Or gastrointestinal bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microalbuminuria is marker of:

    <p>Global Endothel Dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroid cancer that is able to produce calcitonin is:

    <p>Medular cancer of thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prognostic markers in chronic lymphatic leukemia is:

    <p>Beta-2 microglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone fragility is not typical for:

    <p>Phaemochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive thirst does not occur in:

    <p>Cushing's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weight gain occurs in:

    <p>Cushing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To the causes of SIADH does not belong:

    <p>Primary polydipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetes insipidus diagnosis is made with:

    <p>Water deprivation test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To the causes of hypernatremia does not belong:

    <p>SIADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macrocytic anaemia is not typical for patients with:

    <p>Iron deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypereosinophylia does not occur in:

    <p>Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For primary hypoadrenalism is not typical:

    <p>Hyperanatraemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anemia with hemoglobin levels 78 g/L, MCV 110 fl is called:

    <p>Severe macrocytic anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetic neuropathy does not increase the risk of:

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common causes of hypercalcemia do not involve:

    <p>Cancer with osteoblastic metastases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary hyperparathyroidism does not cause:

    <p>Diarrhoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purport (what is not correct):

    <p>It must always be treated with thrombocyte transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia does not occur in:

    <p>Adrenal adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary arterial hypertension does not occur in:

    <p>Addison disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To the acute complications of diabetes mellitus does not belong:

    <p>Acute renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary diabetes mellitus does not occur in:

    <p>Crohn. disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when?

    <p>Fasting plasma glucose is ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and random plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For diabetes insipidus is not typical:

    <p>Anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperosmolar coma is not a typical complication of:

    <p>DM1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevation of TSH with normal levels of T4 and T3 is called:

    <p>Subclinical hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patient with chronic kidney disease usually present with

    <p>Normocytic normochromic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following endocrine disease could cause hyperpigmentation

    <p>Addison´s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conn's syndrome - choose an incorrect statement:

    <p>is secondary hyperaldosteronism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Addison´s disease can be associated with

    <p>Abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causes of high prolactin level include:

    <p>All above statements are true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chvostek sign is typical symptom of:

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Term "specific diabetes mellitus types" includes:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Side effect of metformin can be

    <p>Diarrhea, lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low fT4 and high TSH indicate:

    <p>Peripheral (primary) hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated soluble transferin receptor level typically indicates:

    <p>Iron deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dexametason test is indicated in patients with suspected:

    <p>Hypercortisolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most sensitive lab method for evaluation:

    <p>Plasma meta and normetanephrines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms include:

    <p>Signs of dehydration, hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    a 27-year old woman complained of polyuria and polydipsia. Possible diagnose does NOT include:

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetic patients typically occurs

    <p>After missing an insulin shot or administering a wrong insulin dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laser photocoagulation is used for the treatment of:

    <p>Proliferative diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolactine - secreting pituitary adenoma in males leads to:

    <p>Loss of libido and impotence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following could be features of hypothyroidism:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low number of retrulocytes in the peripheral blood is NOT a characteristic of:

    <p>Autoimmune hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms of autonomic diabetic neuropathy do NOT include:

    <p>Sinus bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arterial hypertension does not occur in:

    <p>Addison disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following is NOT a recognized feature of primary hyperparathyroidism:

    <p>Retane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are recogniced features of hypoparathyroidism:

    <p>Spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outpatient screening methods for confirming the presence Cushing´s syndrome include:

    <p>Overnight dexamethasone test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following is NOT a recognized feature of primary hyperparathyroidism:

    <p>Retane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medullary thyrocarcinoma is associated with elevated serum concentration of:

    <p>Sometimes calcitonin...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following statement is NOT true regarding acromegaly

    <p>Occurs in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haptoglobin

    <p>Is decreased in hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recognized features of Cushing syndrome DO NOT include

    <p>Growth spurt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolactine - secreting pituitary adenoma in females lead to:

    <p>Infertility, galactorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of type 1 diabetes are NOT used:

    <p>insulin secretagogues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    typical signs of decompensated diabetes include:

    <p>thirst, tiredness, polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs of hypocortisolism typically DO NOT include:

    <p>weight pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patient on thyroxine substitution therapy due to peripheral hypothyroidism has a serum TSH of 2.53 mIU/L (normal: 0.27 - 4.5 mIU/L). This finding means that the dose of thyroxine is:

    <p>accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Graphite marks on the gingiva and buccal mucosa suggest:

    <p>Chronic mercury poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma cardiale

    <p>Is a typical feature of the left heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ortopnoe is

    <p>breathlesness at the rest with typical sitting position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac oedemas are :

    <p>sign of left heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a typical sign for the peripheral cyanosis

    <p>Cold acral parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatojugullar reflux is a typical sign of

    <p>right heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The place for the auscultation of the pulmonary artery is

    <ol start="2"> <li>intercostal space parasternal left</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is necessary to be performed in patients with cold thyroid nodule

    <p>Fine needle aspiration cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arterial hypertension does not occur in:

    <p>Addison´s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following symptoms is not present in patients with hypocorticism:

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is confirmed by:

    <p>glycemia &gt; 11.0 mmol/L after 2nd hour of oGTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucocorticoids are produced predominantly in:

    <p>Zona fasciculata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dexametason test is indicated in patients with suspected:

    <p>Hypercortisolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical adverse effect of the glucocorticoid treatment:

    <p>all mentioned effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose an INCORRECT statement about the therapy of thyrotoxic crisis:

    <p>In patients with thyrotoxic crisis salicylates are always used to treat fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chvostek sign is typical symptoms

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical laboratory finding in patient with primary hyperparathyroidism:

    <p>Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For acromegaly diagnosis it is crucial to assess:

    <p>Basal levels of GH, IGF1, and oGTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low FT4 and high TSH indicate a:

    <p>Peripheral (primary) hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical symptoms of acromegaly DO NOT include:

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most sensitive laboratory method for evaluation of pheochromocytoma is:

    <p>Urinary catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High plasma ACTH and low plasma cortisol indicate:

    <p>Hypercorticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose a correct statement about diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (WHO criteria):

    <p>Raised fasting venous glucose ≥7 mmol/l or glycaemia whenever during the day ≥ 11,1 mmol/l in two random separate occasions confirms diabetes diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetes insipidus therapy is based on:

    <p>Administration of ACE inhibitors, which increase adrenal tubular cells sensitivity to vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder due to

    <p>deficiency of the insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For diabetes mellitus 1. type is typical

    <p>absolute deficiency of the insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the CORRECT statement:

    <p>Clinical symptoms of hypopituitarism are similar to symptoms of hormone excess of target endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetic ketoacidosis symptoms include:

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic coma is not characterised by

    <p>metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycaemia is typical feature of:

    <p>all the above mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical laboratory findings in peripheral hypothyroids are:

    <p>Decreased free T4, increased TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leucopaenia is

    <p>Decreased number of the white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal level of hemoglobine in a women is

    <p>120 – 165 g/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical complications of Cushing syndrome DO NOT include:

    <p>Nephrocalcinosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Number of the leucocytes in a healthy subjects is

    <p>4000 – 10 000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trombocytopaenia is

    <p>Decreased number of the platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acromegaly treatment DOES NOT include:

    <p>Radioactive Ytrium therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most important for the prevention of diabetic microangiopathy is

    <p>normoglycaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steatorhea is

    <p>A lot of fat in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C-peptid level in blood:

    <p>can be the indicator of the formation of endogenous insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fasting glucose level of 7.5 mmol/L corresponds to:

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia is NOT caused by:

    <p>Glitazones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood is the sign of:

    <p>increased erythropoesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The clinical symptom of megaloblastic anemia is not:

    <p>peripheral neuritis, disturbances of deep sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The insulin is produced by

    <p>B-cells of Langerhans islets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the dexamethasone test in peripheral Cushing syndrome:

    <p>Decrease in plasma cortisol is present as soon as the dose of dexamethasone reaches 2 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemolytic anemia causes in a serum increase of:

    <p>the indirect bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a healthy individual, insulin-induced hypoglycemia (insulin test) leads to an increase of:

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most important criterion for anemia diagnosis is:

    <p>a decrease in the amount of haemoglobin below the physiological value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The megaloblastic anaemias are:

    <p>makrocytic anaemias arising out of deficit of vitamin B12 or folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main clinical features of the respiratory diseases are

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypertension IS NOT a part of the clinical pictures in:

    <p>Hypocortisolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Expiratory breathlesness is caused by

    <p>Stricture of the peripheral bronchial lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dull percussion is typical for

    <p>pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased serum calcium level, hypophosphatemia, and increased serum PTH concentration suggests:

    <p>Primary hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Grafe ́s sign is typical for

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical picture of hypoparathyroidism DOES NOT include:

    <p>Paresthesias, endocrine psycho syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Moon face is typical for

    <p>Cushing´s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Murphy sign is

    <p>Painful reaction on the palpation of the gallblader in medioclavicular line right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hodking lymphoma is a malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Hodking lymphoma?

    <p>It is defined by Reed-Sternberg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the pleural effusion is typical

    <p>Weak or not present breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are not types of chronic myeloproliferative disorders?

    <p>Acute leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Melena is mostly induced by

    <p>Bleeding to the upper part of GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enterorhagia is

    <p>Presence of an undigested blood in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We use several different markers use in the clinic to assist our differential pf microcytic anemia. Which of the following types of microcytic anemia would have a reduced ferritin concentration?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of differentiating between ALL and AML, which of the following characteristics is more typical of AML?

    <p>Maturation defect is beyond a lymphoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blood results of one of your patients come back and reveals a pancytopenia. Which of the following symptoms or signs would you not expect to see in this patient?

    <p>Recurrent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 48-year-old woman has been admitted to the hospital after she presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal and flank pain, constipation, polyuria, muscle aches, and mood disturbances. On arrival, her serum calcium level is 13.8 mg/dL and her serum phosphate level is 2.1 mg/dL. Her urinary analysis reveals raised alkaline phosphatase and urinary cAMP levels. Which of the following best explains her low serum phosphate levels?

    <p>Increasing the resorption of bone and decreasing the renal phosphate reabsorptive Tm due to raised PTH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A young girl presents with severe bleeding following dental procedures. Which of the following statements explains the reason why von Willebrand's disease would be the suitable initial investigative choice over hemophilia?

    <p>Hemophilia would result in more severe bleeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

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