RESEARCH UNIT 1 & 2
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Questions and Answers

"We cannot be positive in our claims of knowledge when studying behaviors and actions of humans."

P O S T P O S I T I V I S T

"Individuals develops subjective meanings of their experiences."

C O N S T R U C T I V I S T

"Research inquiry should be intertwined with politics and political change agenda."

T R A N S F O R M A T I V E

"We need to look to many possibilities for collecting and analyzing data."

<p>P R A G M A T I C</p> Signup and view all the answers

(RESEARCH PROCESS)

  • Topic/Problem Identification
  • Review of Related Literature
  • (Objective Formulation)

<p>CONCEPTUALIZATION PHASE</p> Signup and view all the answers

also known as "planning phase". Research Plan Formulation (RESEARCH PROCESS)

<p>DESIGN PHASE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data Gathering /Collection (RESEARCH PROCESS)

<p>EMPIRICAL PHASE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data Analysis /Interpretation. most "challenging phase" (RESEARCH PROCESS)

<p>ANALYTICAL PHASE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communicating /Utilizing most "valuable" (RESEARCH PROCESS)

<p>DISSEMINATION PHASE</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the product of the research process in written/soft copy file form.

<p>RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT</p> Signup and view all the answers

uses scientifically collected and statistically analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena. It is scientific for the fact that it uses a scientific method in designing and collecting numerical data.

<p>QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a ___

<p>LARGE SAMPLE SIZE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.

<p>OBJECTIVITY</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables possible and with better conveyance and interpretation.

<p>Concise Visual Presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time consuming data analysis.

<p>Faster Data Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.

<p>GENERALIZED DATA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and easy.

<p>Fast and Easy Data Collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of the population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.

<p>Reliable Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity, free from false or immature conclusions.

<p>High Replicability</p> Signup and view all the answers

quantitative research design that is used to determine the outcome of a specific intervention.

<p>EXPERIMENTAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

quantitative research design that lacks manipulation of independent variable.

<p>NON-EXPERIMENTAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

researcher has control over the experiment

<p>TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN</p> Signup and view all the answers

2 TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

<p>TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN</p> Signup and view all the answers

used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of variables.

<p>QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN</p> Signup and view all the answers

quantitative research design that lacks manipulation of independent variable.

<p>NON-EXPERIMENTAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

provides numeric description of trends, attitude or behavior from a sample drawn in a specific population

<p>SURVEY RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

collects data from a population or subset population through observation, survey or interview at a specific point in time.

<p>CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY</p> Signup and view all the answers

collects data through observation, survey or interview of the same subjects over a period of time and can last up to several years.

<p>LONGITUDAL STUDY</p> Signup and view all the answers

identifies the relationship between variables among a single group of people

<p>CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

identifies the difference between variables

<p>COMPARATIVE RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in nature.

<p>DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and present conditions.

<p>EX POST FACTO RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

___ are anything that varies. They are anything that takes on different values, typically numerical values.

<p>VARIABLES</p> Signup and view all the answers

variable that is being manipulated by the researcher.

<p>INDEPENDENT VARIABLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

this variable assumes the change brought about by the other variable.

<p>DEPENDENT VARIABLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

they are also called 'confounding' variables because their presence influences the outcome of the experiment in an undesirable way, they add error to an experiment.

<p>EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 3T's

<ol> <li>TIMELY</li> <li>TRENDING</li> <li>TRAILBLAZING</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

readers browse a manuscript on this manner

<p>title - abstract - results - full paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

SOURCES OF RESEARCH TOPICS:

<ol> <li>OWN EXPERIENCE AND INTEREST</li> <li>COLLEAGUES</li> <li>CRITICAL FRIENDS</li> <li>LITERATURES</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

what is SMART?

<p>S- specific M-measurable A-attainable R-realistic T-time-bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

is a summary of the state of existing knowledge on a research problem or topic

<p>REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE</p> Signup and view all the answers

these are literatures based on research findings

<p>RESEARCH LITERATURE</p> Signup and view all the answers

these are literature which are not based on research findings

<p>NON-RESEARCH REFERENCES</p> Signup and view all the answers

these refer to description of studies written by the researchers themselves

<p>PRIMARY SOURCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

these are description of studies written by someone else, other than the researchers who conducted them.

<p>SECONDARY SOURCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

wrongful use of idea or language of another author and representing them as if they are your original work

<p>PLAGIARISM</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF PLAGIARISM: the use of another author's exact words without citing him/her

<p>PLAGIARISM OF WORDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF PLAGIARISM: the author citied the source but he just paraphrased anothers words by changing sentence construction or word choice

<p>PLAGIARISM OF STRUCTURE</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF PLAGIARISM: presenting another's ideas as if they are your own without giving the owner credit

<p>PLAGIARISM OF IDEAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF PLAGIARISM: turning a replication of another's work. submitting a paper that you got off the internet or from a friend and presenting it as your own

<p>PLAGIARISM OF AUTHORSHIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF PLAGIARISM: refers to the use of one's previous work for a separate assignment or requirement. Although ideas and words are owned by the author, receiving two credits for a single output is considered cheating

<p>PLAGIARISM OF SELF</p> Signup and view all the answers

illustrates the structure or blueprint of the research plan and helps the researcher formulate relevant research questions.

<p>RESEARCH FRAMEWORK</p> Signup and view all the answers

commonly used for studies that anchor on time tested theories that relate the findings of the investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge.

<p>theoretical framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and tentative theories that specifically support the study. It is primarily a conception or model of what is out there that the researcher plans to study.

<p>conceptual framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

a statement of the researcher’s prediction about relationships between or among the variables under investigation.

<p>RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF HYPOTHESIS: one independent and one dependent variable

<p>SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF HYPOTHESIS: more than one independent variables and more than one dependent variables

<p>COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPE OF HYPOTHESIS: no relationship exists between the independent and dependent variable.

<p>NULL HYPOTHESIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS: relationship exists between the dependent and independent variable.

<p>RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPES OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: explicates the direction of the relationship

<p>DIRECTIONAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPES OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: direction of that relationship or difference is not explicated

<p>NON-DIRECTIONAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a research study, concepts or variables need to be defined based on how they will be used in the study because a definition from the dictionary will usually not suffice.

<p>DEFINITION OF TERMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPES OF DEFINITION: is the meaning of the term that is based on how it is defined in the dictionary or encyclopedia.

<p>CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION</p> Signup and view all the answers

TYPES OF DEFINITION: is the meaning of the term based on how it was used in the study.

<p>OPERATIONAL DEFINITION</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualities of a Good Inquirer

<p>TECHNICAL COMPETENCY - the ability to use available technologies UTILITY COMPETENCY - the ability to troubleshoot during unexpected scenario PATIENCE - intra (within) extra (outside) group SERVICE - willingness of the researchers to serve others, to do good EFFORT - time and skill GUTS AND RISK - considering options CARE - distinct characteristics of a researcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

Types of Non-Experimental Research

<p>SURVEY RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH COMPARATIVE RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH EX POST FACTO RESEARCH</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 2 types of SURVEY RESEARCH

<p>CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY LONGITUDAL STUDY</p> Signup and view all the answers

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