190 Questions
A change in behavior as a result of experience can be defined as
learning
The learning process may include some elements such as verbal, conceptual, and
problem-solving
While learning the material being taught, students may be learning other things as well. This additional learning is called
incidental
Individuals make more progress learning if they have a clear objective. This is one feature of the principle of
readiness
Things most often repeated are best remembered because of which principle of learning
Principle of exercise
Providing opportunities for a student to practice and then directing this process towards a goal is the basis of the principle of
exercise
The principle that is based on the emotional reaction od the learner is the principle of
effect
Which principle of learning often creates a strong impression
Principle of primacy
Which principle of learning implies that a student will learn more from the real thing than from a substitute
Principle of intenisty
Which principle of learning often determines the sequence of lectures within a course of instruction?
Principle of recency
What is the basis of all learning?
Perception
perceptions result when a person
gives meaning to sensations being experienced
A basic need that affects all of a person's perceptions is the need to
maintain and enhance the organized self
Which factor affecting perception has a great influence on the total perceptual process?
self-concept
Which factor affecting perceptions is based on the effectiveness of the use of a properly planned training syllabus?
Time and opportunity
In the learning process, fear of the element of threat will
narrow the student's perceptual field
Which is one of the ways in which anxiety will affect a student?
Anxiety may limit the student's ability to learn from the perceptions
The mental grouping of affiliated perceptions is called
Insights
Insights, as applied to learning, involve a person's
Grouping of associated perceptions into meaning wholes
Instruction, as opposed to the trial-and-error method of learning, is desirable because competent instruction speeds the learning process by
Teaching the relationship of perceptions as they occur
Name one way an instructor can help develop student insights
Provide a secure and nonthreatening environment in which to learn
Which memory system processes input from the environment
Sensory register
The use of some type of association, such as rhymes or mnemonics is best suited to which memory system?
Short-term
How can recoding be described?
The relating of incoming information to concepts or knowledge already in memory
Where is information for future use stored?
Long-term memory
When a person has difficulty recalling facts after several years, this is known as
disuse
When the learning of similar things overshadows other learning experiences, it is called
interference
According to one theory, some forgetting is due to the practice of submerging an unpleasant experience into the subconscious. This is called
repression
Responses that produce a pleasurable return are called
praise
The performance of rectangular patterns helps students fly traffic patterns. What type of transfer of learning is this?
Positive
Which transfer of learning occurs when the performance of a maneuver interferes with the learning of another maneuver?
Negative
To ensure proper habits and correct techniques during training, an instructor should
Use the building block technique of instruction
What level of knowledge is being tested if asked, "what is the maneuvering speed of the aircraft listed in the owner's manual?"
Rote
During the flight portion of a practical test, the examiner stimulates complete loss of engine power by closing the throttle and announcing "simulate engine failure". What level of learning is being tested?
Correlation
At which level of learning do most instructors stop teaching?
Application
When asking a student to explain how gross weight affects maneuvering speed, what level of learning is being tested?
Understanding
Which domain of learning deals with knowledge
Cognitive
Affective domain relates to
Attitudes, beliefs, and values
The educational objective levels for the cognitive domain are
Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
The listing of the hierarchy of objectives is often referred to as a
taxonomy
The most complex outcome in the affective domain is
characterization
The least complex outcome in the psychomotor domain is
perception
The best way to prepare a student to perform a task is to
Provide a clear, step-by-step example
A learning plateau may be defined as the
normal levelling-off of an individual's learning rate
The factor which contribute most of a student's failure to remain receptive to new experiences and which creates a tendency to reject additional training is
negative self-concept
An instructor may foster the development of insights by
helping the student acquire and maintain a favourable self-concept
although defence mechanisms can serve a useful purpose, they can
involve some degree of self-deception and distortion of reality
When a student uses excuses to justify inadequate performance, it is an indication of the defense mechanism known as
rationalization
Taking physical or mental flight is a defense mechanism students use when they
want to escape from frustrating situations
When students subconsciously use the defense mechanism called rationalization, they
cannot accept the real reason for their behavior
When a student engages in daydreaming, it is the defense mechanism of
flight
When students display the defence mechanism called aggression, they
may refuse to participate in class activities
When a student asks irrelevant questions or refuses to participate in class activities, it usually is an indication of the defense mechanism known as
aggression
When a student becomes bewildered and lost in the advanced phases of training after completing the early phases without grasping the fundamentals, the defense mechanism is usually in the term of
resignation
When under stress, normal individuals usually react
by responding rapidly and exactly, often automatically, within the limits of their experience and training
Which would most likely be an indication that a student is reacting abnormally to stress
Inappropriate laughter or singing
One possible indication of a student's abnormal reaction to stress would be
extreme cooperation
The instructor can counteract anxiety in a student by
treating the student's fear as a normal reaction
Which obstacle to learning is a greater deterrent to learning pilot skills than is generally recognized?
Impatience
Students who grow impatient when learning the basic elements of a task are those who
should have the preliminary training presented one step at a time with clearly stated goals for each step
What should an instructor do with a student who assumes that correction of errors is unimportant?
Raise the standard of performance for each lesson, demanding greater effort
Faulty performance due to student overconfidence should be corrected by
increasing the standard of performance for each lesson
Before a student can concentrate on learning, which human needs must be satisfied?
Physical
After individuals are physically comfortable and have no fear for their safety, which human needs become the prime influence on their behavior?
Social
which of the student's human needs offer the greatest challenge to an instructor?
self-fulfillment
Which is generally the more effective way for an instructor to properly motivate students?
Provide positive motivation by the promise or achievement of rewards
Motivations that cause a student to react with fear and anxiety are
negative
Motivations in the form of reproof and threats should be avoided with all but the student who is
overconfident and impulsive
When students are unable to see the benefits or purpose of a lesson, they will
be less motivated
Confusion, disinterest, and uneasiness on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the
objective of each period of instruction
Which statement is true concerning motivations?
Motivations may be very subtle and difficult to identify
For motivation to be effective, students must believe their efforts will be rewarded in a definite manner. This type of motivation is
tangible
An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by
making each lesson a pleasurable experience
The effectiveness of communication between instructor and student is measured by the
similarity between the idea transmitted and the idea received
Effective communication has taken place when, and only when, the
receivers react with understanding and chnage their behavior accordingly
When has instruction taken place
When a procedure has been explained, and the desired student response has occured
To communicate effectively, instruction must
reveal a positive attitude while delivering their message
To be more likely to communicate effectively, an instructor should speak or write from a background of
up-to-date stimulating material
In the communication process, the communicator will be more successful in gaining and retaining the receiver's attention by
Using a varied communicative approach
Probably the greatest single barrier to effective communication in the teaching process is a lack of
a common experience level between instructor and student
A communicator's words cannot communicate the desired meaning to another person unless the
listener or reader has had some experience with the objects or concepts to which these words refer
The danger in using abstract words is that they
will not evoke the specific items of experience in the listener's mind that the communicator intends
By using abstractions in the communication process, the communicator will
not evoke in the listener's or reader's mind the specific items of experience the communicator intends
Evaluation of demonstrated ability during flight instruction must be based upon
established standards of performance
In evaluating student demonstrations of piloting ability, it is important for the flight instructor to
keep the student informed of the progress
Examples of all common endorsement can be found in the current issue of
AC 61-65, Appendix 1
Before endorsing a student for solo flight, the instructor should require the student to demonstrate a consistent ability to perform
all of the fundamental maneuvers
The student should be capable of handling problems that might occur, such as traffic pattern congestion, change in active runway, or unexpected crosswinds prior to
initial solo
Which statement is true regarding true professionalism as an instructor
Anything less than sincere performance destroys the effectiveness of the professional instructor
Aviation instructors should be constantly alert for ways to improve the services they provide to their students, their effectiveness, and their
qualifications
student confidence tends to be destroyed if instructors
bluff whenever in doubt about some point
Students quickly become apathetic when they
recognize that the instructor is not adequately prepared
Which statement is true regarding the achievement of an adequate standard of performance
Flight instructors fail to provide competent instructions when they permit students to partially learn an important item of knowledge and skill
True performance as a professional is based on the student and
research
In the teaching process, which method of presentation is suitable for presenting new material, for summarizing ideas, and for showing relationships between theory and practice.
Lecture method
What is one advantage of a lecture?
Uses time economically
Which teaching method is most economical in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material?
Teaching lecture
Which is a true statement regarding the teaching lecture?
Instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses and be able to interpret the meaning of these reactions
The first step in preparing a lecture is to
establish the objective and desired outcome
During a teaching lecture, what would detract from an instructor's dignity and reflect upon the student's intelligence?
Errors in grammar and use of vulgarisms
The distinguishing characteristics of an informal lecture is the
student's participation
An instructor can inspire active student participation during informal lectures through the use of
questions
An instructional strategy which organizes students into small groups so that they can work together to maximize their own and each other's learning is called
cooperative or group learning
The most significant characteristic of group learning is that it
continually requires active participation of the student
The main reason that students are put in cooperative learning groups is so they
can individually achieve greater success than if they were to study alone
The main advantage(s) with heterogeneous groups are that students tend to
Interact and achieve in ways and at levels that are rarely found with other instructional strategies
In a guided discussion, learning is achieved through the
skilful use of questions
a question directed to an entire group to stimulate thought and response from each group member is identified as
Overhead
In a guided discussion , leadoff questions should usually begin with
why
Which question would be best as a a leadoff question for a guided discussion on the subject of torque?
How does torque affect an airplane?
When it appears students have adequately discussed the ideas presented during a guided discussion, one of the most valuable tools an instructor can use is
an interim summary of what the students accomplished
Which statement about the guided discussion method of teaching is true?
Uness the students have some knowledge to exchange with each other, they cannot reach the desired learning outcomes
Which method of presentation is desirable for teaching a skill such as ground lesson on the flight computer?
Demonstration/performance
What are the essential steps in the demonstration/performance method of teaching?
Explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, and evaluation
What is the last step in the demonstration/performance method?
evaluation
In the demonstration/performance method of instruction, which two separate actions are performed concurrently?
Student performance and instructor supervision
The basic demonstration/performance method of instruction consists of several steps in proper order. They are
instructor tells-instructor does,student tells- student does, student tells- student does, student does- nstructor evaluates
Which statement is true concerning computer-based training (CBT)?
One of the major advantages of CBT is that students can progress at a rate which is comfortable for them
Some of the more advanced computer-based-training (CBT) applications allow students to progress through a series of interactive segments where the presentation varies as a result of their
responses
The major advantage of computer-based-training (CBT) over other forms of instruction is that it is interactive- the computer responds in different ways, depending on the student's
input
The primary objective of flight instructionn is the
formation of firm habit patterns for observing and relying on flight instruments
Integrated flight instruction has many benefits, but the main objective is to
help the student develop habit patterns for observance of and reliance on flight instruments
Which is an acceptable procedure when using the integrated method of flight instruction
include in the student's first instruction on the function of flight controls the instrument indication to be expected, as well as the outside references used in attitude control
During integrated flight instruction, the instructor must be sure the student
develops the habit of looking for other traffic
Which is an example of a positive approach in the first flight lesson of a student with no previous aviation experience?
a normal flight to a nearby airport and return
Which statement is true regarding positive or negative approaches in aviation instructional techniques
a positive approach, to be effective, will point out the pleasurable features of aviation before the unpleasant possibilities are discussed
In planning any instructional activity, the first consideration should be
determine the overall objectives and standards
In planning instructional activity, the second step is to
identify blocks of learning which constitute the necessary parts of the total objective
development and assembly of blocks of learning in their proper relationship will provide a means of
allowing the student to master the segments of the overall pilot performance requirements individually and combining these with other related segments
which statement is true concerning extraneous blocks of instruction during a course of training
They detract from the completion of the final objective
When is it impossible to conduct a scheduled lesson, it is preferable for the instructor to
conduct a lesson that is not predicated completely on skills to be developed during the lesson which was postponed
When teaching new material, the teaching process can be divided into which steps
preparation, presentation, application, and review and evalution
every lesson, when adequately developed, falls logically into four steps of the teaching process
preparation, presentation, application, and review and evaluation
The methods of arranging lesson material from simple to complex, past to present, and know to unknown, is one that
shows the relationships of the main points of the lesson
in organizing lesson material, which step sets the stage for everything to come?
introduction
The proper sequence for the subparts of an introduction is
attention, motivation, and overview
In developing a lesson, the instructor should organize explanations and demonstrations to help the student
achieve the desired learning outcome
When teaching from the know to unknown, an instructor is using the student's
previous experiences and knowledge
a lesson plan, if constructed properly, will provide an outline for
establishing blocks of learning that become progressively larger in scope
each lesson of a training syllabus includes
objective, content, and completion standards
(Refer to figure 1) Section A is titled
Objective
(Refer to figure 1) Section B is titled
Content
(Refer to figure 1) Section C is titled
Schedule
(Refer to figure 1) Section D is titled
Equipment
(Refer to figure 1) Section E is titled
Instructor's actions
(Refer to figure 1) Section F is titled
Student's actions
(Refer to figure 1) Section G is titled
Completion standards
When the instructor keeps the student informed of lesson objectives and completion standards. It minimizes the student's feelings of
insecurity
Which statement is true about lesson plans?
The use of standard plans may not be effective for students requiring a different approach
The main concern in developing a lesson plan is the
student
With regard to the characteristics of a well-planned lesson, each lesson should contain
new material that is related to the lesson previously presented
What is the primary consideration in determining the length and frequency of flight instruction periods?
fatigue
Which is a true statement concerning the use of instructional aids?
Instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points in a lesson
The use of instructional aids should be based on their ability to support a specific point in the lesson. What is the first step in determining if and where instructional aids are necessary?
Clearly establish the lesson objective, being certain what must be communicated
Instructional aids used in the teaching/ learning process should be
compatible with the learning outcomes to be achieved
Instructional aids used in the teaching/ learning process should not be used
as a crutch by the instructor
To enhance a student's acceptance of further instruction, the instructor should
keep the student informed of the progress made
When an instructor critiques a student, it should always be
conducted immediately after the student's performance
Which statement is true about an instructor's critique of a student's performance
It is a step in the learning process, not in the grading process
An instructor's critique of a student's performance should
provide direction and guidance to improve performance
Which is true about an instructor's critique of a student's performance?
It should be constructive and objective
To be effective, a critique should
be flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of the moment
Which statement is true about the instructor's critiques?
before students are willing accept their instructor's critique, they must first accept the instructor
Which would more likely result in the student becoming frustrated
telling students their work is unsatisfactory with no explanation
Practical test for pilot certification are
criterion-references
The objective of the practical test standards (PTS) is to ensure te certification of pilots at a high level of performance and proficiency, consistent with
safety
A pretest constructed to measure the knowledge and skills necessary to begin a course is referred to as a
criterion-referenced test
one desirable result of proper oral quizzing by the instructor is to
reveal the effectiveness of the instructor's training procedures
which is a valid reason for the use of proper oral quizzing during a lesson
promotes active student participation
Proper oral quizzing by the instructor during a lesson can have which result?
identifies points which need more emphasis
To be effective in oral quizzing during the conduct of a lesson, a question should
be of suitable difficulty for the stage of training
During oral quizzing in a given lesson, effective questions should
be brief and concise
In all quizzing as a portion of the instruction process, the questions should
call for specific answers and be readily evaluated by the instructor
To answer a student's question, it is most important that the instructor
clearly understand the question
What is a characteristic of supply-type test items?
The same test graded by different instructors would probably be given different scores
Which is the main disadvantage of supply-type test items?
They cannot be graded with uniformity
One of the main advantages of selection-type test items over supply-type test items is that the selection-type
would be graded objectively regardless of the student or the grader
Which statement is true about multiple-choice test items that are intended to measure achievement at a higher level of learning?
Some or all of the alternatives should be accepted, but only one should clearly better than the others
Which statement is true relative to effective multiple-choice test items?
Keep all alternatives of approximately equal length
Which type of test item creates the greatest possibility of guessing
true-false
Which is one of the major difficulties encountered in the construction of multiple-choice test items?
Inventing distractors which will be attractive to students lacking knowledge or understanding
In a written test, which type of selection-type test items reduces the probability of guessing correct responses
matching
A written test has reliability
yields consistent results
A written test has validity when it
measures what is supposed to be measured and nothing else
A written test is said to be comprehensive when it
samples liberally whatever is being measured
The characteristic of a written test, which measures small differences in achievement between students, is its
discrimination
A written test having the characteristic of discrimination will
distinguish between students both low and high in achievement
Evaluation of student performance and accomplishment during a lesson should be based on
objectives and goals established in the lesson plan
Which statement is true regarding student evaluation?
Evaluation of the student's learning should be an integral part of each lesson
Which type of test is desirable for evaluating training that involves an operation, procedure, or process
Performance
Test your knowledge of learning principles with this quiz! Explore concepts such as change in behavior, additional learning, clear objectives, repetition, and practice towards a goal.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free