Module 7

It supplies blood from the heart's left ventricle to the aorta and it's branches to all organs/tissues in the body except the lungs. It is also called "Greater or peripheral circulation".

Other functions of the circulation are as follows except:

It supplies blood from the heart's right ventricle to the pulmonary artery which branches into smaller arterioles and capillaries to the lungs (Lesser circulation).

Its function is to service the needs of the tissues.

These are parts of the circulation.

It is a hallow muscular organ, regarded as the major pump of blood. The blood in turn, will be distributed to different tissues/organs of the body.

It receives blood from the vena cava to the right ventricle.

It receives blood from the pulmonary vein to the left ventricle.

It pumps out blood into the aorta.

It pumps out blood into the pulmonary artery into the lungs.

A large vein that collects blood from the venules.

A large artery that supplies blood to different organs/tissues of the body.

They transport blood (under high pressure) to the tissues.

They have strong vascular walls and blood flows at high velocity.

It is the last small branches of arterial system.

This type of blood vessels acts as control valves through which the blood is released into the capillaries. They also have strong muscular walls that can open and close (Relax or Constrict) in order to alter the blood flow in response to tissues' needs.

They are responsible for two-way diffusion process. They allow exchange of fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood fluid (PLASMA) and interstitial fluid (ISF). They have thin walls and also have pores (just like any membrane it is lined with bilipid layer and proteins).

The type of blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and they gradually coalesce into larger veins.

It functions as conduits for the transport of blood from the venules back to the heart. They can act as blood reservoirs (store large amount of blood). They have thinner walls. Because of that, it is said that they are more compliment than arteries. They are well supplied with sympathetic nerve fibers; thus, they can increase the blood flow back to the heart when stimulated.

It is the force exerted by the blood against the wall of a vessel.

Aorta (Largest artery) Systolic pressure:

Aorta (Largest artery) Diastolic pressure:

Arteriolar end of capillaries pressure:

Capillary pressure:

Venous end of capillary pressure:

Central venous pressure/Right atrial pressure/pressure in the vena cava:

It is the amount of blood that flows in any point of the circulation at any given period of time. Blood flows within the circulation varies in different individual.

DETERMINANTS of Blood Flow

TYPES of Blood Flow

FACTORS affecting Blood Flow

A new surge of blood in a vessel each time the heart beats.

The difference between the Systolic and Diastolic Pressure

TWO MAJOR Factors Affecting Pulse Pressure

A circulation with vessels of less than 100 micra in diameter.

Structures of Microcirculation:

It is porous in nature (PORES of the capillary) for the passing of fluid from plasma (interior of the capillary) and the interstitium.

It is the spaces in between cells while the INSTERSTITIAL FLUID (ISF) is the fluid present in the interstitium (outside of the capillary

It allows an outward movement of fluid from blood capillary to interstitial fluid (ISF) =17 mmHg

______mmHg* (negative pressure)(negative pressure, allows fluid movement outward towards ISF; +pressure allows inward fluid movement towards blood capillary)

28mmHg* ; causes movement of fluid inward towards blood capillary

8mmHg*; causes movement of fluid outward towards ISF

The greater the pressure the _____ is the amount of fluid that move through the capillary wall.

It is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space (spaces in between cells).

The factors that lead to the development of interstitial Edema are the following except:

It serve as an alternative pathway for the excess fluid in the ISF to return to the circulation.

It pertains to the amount of blood that returns into the heart through veins.

it pertains to the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart going to the major arteries.

Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that within the physiological limit, whatever amount of blood enters the heart is the _____ that will be pumped out of the heart

It pertains to failure of the heart to pump out blood.

It means generalized inadequate blood flow through the body to the point that the body tissues become damaged due to low oxygen and nutrients supply.

Cardiac Failure can be classified as:

As the blood passes through the capillaries, continual exchange of extracellular fluid occurs between: