Geo exam 2

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match, water on earth

97.2% = in oceans (salt water) 2% = frozen 0.6% = ground 0.005% and 0.001% = soil and atmosphere

warm air can hold less moisture than cold air

False

the dew point is when humidity becomes 100%

True

temperatures goes up humidity goes down

True Signup and view all the answers

absolute humidity is measured by _____ of water in an area

weight Signup and view all the answers

the 2 ways which we measure humidity is by a hair hygrometer and a sling psychrometer

True Signup and view all the answers

the sling psychrometer contains 2 dry bulbs only.

False Signup and view all the answers

unstable air parcels are when air parcels

keeps rising Signup and view all the answers

stable air parcels are when air parcels

dont rise Signup and view all the answers

lifting condensation level (LCL) is the altitude when you reach 100% humidity

True Signup and view all the answers

when convections triggers updraft, the air may rise but not continue to rise

True Signup and view all the answers

only rises when blob of air is warmer than surrounding air

True Signup and view all the answers

match

Dry adiabatic rate (DAR) = 10c per 1000m Moist adiabatic rate (MAR) = 5-6c per 1000m MAR = saturated, more condensation DAR = unsaturated, less condensation Signup and view all the answers

If ELR >10*c the conditions are

unstable, and air parcel keeps rising Signup and view all the answers

if ELR <5-6*c the conditions are

stable, air parcel is falling Signup and view all the answers

stable conditions don't depend on ELR

False Signup and view all the answers

virga rain is when raindrops are falling, which reach a layer of dry air simultaneously evaporating.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match, types of clouds

Stratiform = flat cumuliform = puffy cirro-form = whispy free match = free match Signup and view all the answers

match terms of height of clouds

Cirro = highest alto = alt middle cumulo = anyone strato = low Signup and view all the answers

Nimbo is

raining Signup and view all the answers

match types of fog

Advection = warm air horizontally, inland to cold air over water evaporation fog = warm water, cold air upslope fog = air pushed up mountain until it reaches dew point valley fog = cold air settling down to valley Signup and view all the answers

large air parcels have 3 distinct features, these are; 1600 km diameter, uniform properties and a recognizable entity

True Signup and view all the answers

specific air masses, APTE air masses

Arctic = dry, comes down polar = dry, comes down tropical = wet, goes up equatorial = wet, goes up Signup and view all the answers

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

uneven heating of surface Signup and view all the answers

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

maritime air masses passing over over warm continental region Signup and view all the answers

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

thunder and lightning, rainfall in unstable conditions Signup and view all the answers

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

common in rockies Signup and view all the answers

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

occurs when physical barrier is in the way Signup and view all the answers

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

air forced upslope and NE trade winds Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting this is a characteristic

2 different air masses coming into each other Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting this is a characteristic

most common in NA east Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting a cold front occurs, what are the conditions

steep, rapid cooling, severe weather Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting a warm front also can occur, what are the conditions

opposite of cold front Signup and view all the answers

in convergent lifting, air converges into 1 area and and happens mostly in the ITCZ

True Signup and view all the answers

thunderstorms are associated with orographic, convergent, convective, frontal lifting

True Signup and view all the answers

but thunderstorms are most common in convective lifting

True Signup and view all the answers

the heat produced by lightning is

30,000*c Signup and view all the answers

every 3 sec that thunder is not heard is a km away

True Signup and view all the answers

tornados are between 0.5-1 km across and have winds above 300 mph

True Signup and view all the answers

tornados air is slower on the bottom than the top

True Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones are only in the tropics

True Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones don't happen at the equator because of coriolis effect

True Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones have this cycle of bringing more and more heat.

True Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones are

low pressure, intense Signup and view all the answers

which is not a factoring controlling climate

rainfall Signup and view all the answers

the following are the 5 factors controlling climate

earth-sun relationship, latitude, air circulation, marine/continental, topography Signup and view all the answers

the 5 global precipitation patterns are

equatorial, subtropical, mid latitudes, high latitudes, mountain Signup and view all the answers

characterics of equatorial precipitation patterns are

low pressure, convective precipitation Signup and view all the answers

characterics of subtropical precipitation patterns are

High pressure, Subsiding/dry air Signup and view all the answers

characterics of mid latitudes precipitation patterns are

Cyclone storm activity Signup and view all the answers

characterics of high latitudes precipitation patterns are

Less precipitation (cold air holds less water) Signup and view all the answers

characterics of mountain precipitation patterns are

Orographic precipitation, Rainshadow Signup and view all the answers

earth's climate is shared upon 2 periods, glacial and interglacial

True Signup and view all the answers

glacial is the cold period which makes up for 90% of earth lifetime

True Signup and view all the answers

12,000 years ago the last glacial ended

True Signup and view all the answers

which of these do we not enhance in greenhouse gases (there's only 3)

nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

snow albedo feedback loop is when less snow produces less reflectivity which produces warmer temperatures, which starts to produce rain instead

True Signup and view all the answers

carbon cycle is when we are burning older carbon from the ground

True Signup and view all the answers

interglacial last about 8-10k years

True Signup and view all the answers

CHy is methane

True Signup and view all the answers

abiotic is living

False Signup and view all the answers

autotrophs are self feeding, turning sunlight into chemical energy.

True Signup and view all the answers

primary production is when

measure how much plant material is accumulating by photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

primary production occurs most when the conditions are

wet, warm, bright Signup and view all the answers

epiphytes are when plants grow on another

True Signup and view all the answers

holocene megafauna

humans made number of animals go extinct Signup and view all the answers

match

tropical rain forest = wet, lots of daylight, +/- 15*, no cold time of year, extremely productive, lots of epiphytes tropical savana = pretty warm, not uniformly wet, mostly grasses, sporadic trees, diverse animals desert = a lot more below plants, rain can be very sporadic, Chaparral = only few places, very diverse plants, also called heath, maquis, very shrubby, winter is wet, summer is dry, burn every 20-30 years Signup and view all the answers

Atacama is the driest desert (no rain 6-7 years)

True Signup and view all the answers

Match.

Montane conifer forest = found mountains, main disturbance fire and coastal winds, coastal have talles trees (ex. redwood), fire every 200-300 years Temperate forests = cooler climates, lower diversity, eastern NA, central europe, SE Japan, much harsher climate, long warm wet summer, mostly affected by storms Grasslands = west of rockies, mostly grass, controlled by precipitation, Boreal forests = 2 main places, alaska and scandinavia to asia, cold enough in both seasons so a lot of plants do grow, lower sun angle, do burn, lots of bugs, 3-4 species. Signup and view all the answers

in the Arctic, plants tend to face the sun and a lot of plants are below ground

True Signup and view all the answers

match locations

Tropical rain forests = Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia Tropical savanna = Africa, Asia, and South America Deserts = North America, Central America, South America, southern Asia, Africa, and Australia Chaparral = West coast of the United States, the West coast of South America, the Cape Town area of South Africa, the Western tip of Australia, and the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Signup and view all the answers

Match locations.

Temperate forests = eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and central and western Europe Grasslands = Eurasian steppes, North American prairies, and Argentine pampas Boreal forests = Alaska and Scandinavia to Asia match free = match free Signup and view all the answers

Match.

Pleistocene migration = Long term changes (1000s to millions of years) Succession = Medium term changes (100s of years) Fluctuation = Short term changes (year to year, decadal) free = free Signup and view all the answers

palynology is the study of where plants grew in the past

True Signup and view all the answers

vegetation changes, match.

Fluctuation = (short term) no change in ecosystem looks, non-directional, no new species Succession = (long term) natural change, initiated by a big disturbance (ex. fire), free = free free = free Signup and view all the answers

Geo exam 2

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

match, water on earth

warm air can hold less moisture than cold air

the dew point is when humidity becomes 100%

temperatures goes up humidity goes down

absolute humidity is measured by _____ of water in an area

the 2 ways which we measure humidity is by a hair hygrometer and a sling psychrometer

the sling psychrometer contains 2 dry bulbs only.

unstable air parcels are when air parcels

stable air parcels are when air parcels

lifting condensation level (LCL) is the altitude when you reach 100% humidity

when convections triggers updraft, the air may rise but not continue to rise

only rises when blob of air is warmer than surrounding air

match

If ELR >10*c the conditions are

if ELR <5-6*c the conditions are

stable conditions don't depend on ELR

virga rain is when raindrops are falling, which reach a layer of dry air simultaneously evaporating.

Match, types of clouds

match terms of height of clouds

Nimbo is

match types of fog

large air parcels have 3 distinct features, these are; 1600 km diameter, uniform properties and a recognizable entity

specific air masses, APTE air masses

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

in frontal lifting this is a characteristic

in frontal lifting this is a characteristic

in frontal lifting a cold front occurs, what are the conditions

in frontal lifting a warm front also can occur, what are the conditions

in convergent lifting, air converges into 1 area and and happens mostly in the ITCZ

thunderstorms are associated with orographic, convergent, convective, frontal lifting

but thunderstorms are most common in convective lifting

the heat produced by lightning is

every 3 sec that thunder is not heard is a km away

tornados are between 0.5-1 km across and have winds above 300 mph

tornados air is slower on the bottom than the top

tropical cyclones are only in the tropics

tropical cyclones don't happen at the equator because of coriolis effect

tropical cyclones have this cycle of bringing more and more heat.

tropical cyclones are

which is not a factoring controlling climate

the following are the 5 factors controlling climate

the 5 global precipitation patterns are

characterics of equatorial precipitation patterns are

characterics of subtropical precipitation patterns are

characterics of mid latitudes precipitation patterns are

characterics of high latitudes precipitation patterns are

characterics of mountain precipitation patterns are

earth's climate is shared upon 2 periods, glacial and interglacial

glacial is the cold period which makes up for 90% of earth lifetime

12,000 years ago the last glacial ended

which of these do we not enhance in greenhouse gases (there's only 3)

snow albedo feedback loop is when less snow produces less reflectivity which produces warmer temperatures, which starts to produce rain instead

carbon cycle is when we are burning older carbon from the ground

interglacial last about 8-10k years

CHy is methane

abiotic is living

autotrophs are self feeding, turning sunlight into chemical energy.

primary production is when

primary production occurs most when the conditions are

epiphytes are when plants grow on another

holocene megafauna

match

Atacama is the driest desert (no rain 6-7 years)

Match.

in the Arctic, plants tend to face the sun and a lot of plants are below ground

match locations

Match locations.

Match.

palynology is the study of where plants grew in the past

vegetation changes, match.

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