Geo exam 2
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Questions and Answers

match, water on earth

97.2% = in oceans (salt water) 2% = frozen 0.6% = ground 0.005% and 0.001% = soil and atmosphere

warm air can hold less moisture than cold air

False

the dew point is when humidity becomes 100%

True

temperatures goes up humidity goes down

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

absolute humidity is measured by _____ of water in an area

<p>weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

the 2 ways which we measure humidity is by a hair hygrometer and a sling psychrometer

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

the sling psychrometer contains 2 dry bulbs only.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

unstable air parcels are when air parcels

<p>keeps rising</p> Signup and view all the answers

stable air parcels are when air parcels

<p>dont rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

lifting condensation level (LCL) is the altitude when you reach 100% humidity

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

when convections triggers updraft, the air may rise but not continue to rise

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

only rises when blob of air is warmer than surrounding air

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

match

<p>Dry adiabatic rate (DAR) = 10<em>c per 1000m Moist adiabatic rate (MAR) = 5-6</em>c per 1000m MAR = saturated, more condensation DAR = unsaturated, less condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

If ELR >10*c the conditions are

<p>unstable, and air parcel keeps rising</p> Signup and view all the answers

if ELR <5-6*c the conditions are

<p>stable, air parcel is falling</p> Signup and view all the answers

stable conditions don't depend on ELR

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

virga rain is when raindrops are falling, which reach a layer of dry air simultaneously evaporating.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match, types of clouds

<p>Stratiform = flat cumuliform = puffy cirro-form = whispy free match = free match</p> Signup and view all the answers

match terms of height of clouds

<p>Cirro = highest alto = alt middle cumulo = anyone strato = low</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nimbo is

<p>raining</p> Signup and view all the answers

match types of fog

<p>Advection = warm air horizontally, inland to cold air over water evaporation fog = warm water, cold air upslope fog = air pushed up mountain until it reaches dew point valley fog = cold air settling down to valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

large air parcels have 3 distinct features, these are; 1600 km diameter, uniform properties and a recognizable entity

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

specific air masses, APTE air masses

<p>Arctic = dry, comes down polar = dry, comes down tropical = wet, goes up equatorial = wet, goes up</p> Signup and view all the answers

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

<p>uneven heating of surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

<p>maritime air masses passing over over warm continental region</p> Signup and view all the answers

in convective lifting this is a characteristic

<p>thunder and lightning, rainfall in unstable conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

<p>common in rockies</p> Signup and view all the answers

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

<p>occurs when physical barrier is in the way</p> Signup and view all the answers

in orographic lifting this is a characteristic

<p>air forced upslope and NE trade winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting this is a characteristic

<p>2 different air masses coming into each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting this is a characteristic

<p>most common in NA east</p> Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting a cold front occurs, what are the conditions

<p>steep, rapid cooling, severe weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

in frontal lifting a warm front also can occur, what are the conditions

<p>opposite of cold front</p> Signup and view all the answers

in convergent lifting, air converges into 1 area and and happens mostly in the ITCZ

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

thunderstorms are associated with orographic, convergent, convective, frontal lifting

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

but thunderstorms are most common in convective lifting

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

the heat produced by lightning is

<p>30,000*c</p> Signup and view all the answers

every 3 sec that thunder is not heard is a km away

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

tornados are between 0.5-1 km across and have winds above 300 mph

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

tornados air is slower on the bottom than the top

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones are only in the tropics

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones don't happen at the equator because of coriolis effect

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones have this cycle of bringing more and more heat.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

tropical cyclones are

<p>low pressure, intense</p> Signup and view all the answers

which is not a factoring controlling climate

<p>rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

the following are the 5 factors controlling climate

<p>earth-sun relationship, latitude, air circulation, marine/continental, topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

the 5 global precipitation patterns are

<p>equatorial, subtropical, mid latitudes, high latitudes, mountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

characterics of equatorial precipitation patterns are

<p>low pressure, convective precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

characterics of subtropical precipitation patterns are

<p>High pressure, Subsiding/dry air</p> Signup and view all the answers

characterics of mid latitudes precipitation patterns are

<p>Cyclone storm activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

characterics of high latitudes precipitation patterns are

<p>Less precipitation (cold air holds less water)</p> Signup and view all the answers

characterics of mountain precipitation patterns are

<p>Orographic precipitation, Rainshadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

earth's climate is shared upon 2 periods, glacial and interglacial

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

glacial is the cold period which makes up for 90% of earth lifetime

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

12,000 years ago the last glacial ended

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of these do we not enhance in greenhouse gases (there's only 3)

<p>nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

snow albedo feedback loop is when less snow produces less reflectivity which produces warmer temperatures, which starts to produce rain instead

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

carbon cycle is when we are burning older carbon from the ground

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

interglacial last about 8-10k years

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

CHy is methane

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

abiotic is living

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

autotrophs are self feeding, turning sunlight into chemical energy.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

primary production is when

<p>measure how much plant material is accumulating by photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

primary production occurs most when the conditions are

<p>wet, warm, bright</p> Signup and view all the answers

epiphytes are when plants grow on another

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

holocene megafauna

<p>humans made number of animals go extinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

match

<p>tropical rain forest = wet, lots of daylight, +/- 15*, no cold time of year, extremely productive, lots of epiphytes tropical savana = pretty warm, not uniformly wet, mostly grasses, sporadic trees, diverse animals desert = a lot more below plants, rain can be very sporadic, Chaparral = only few places, very diverse plants, also called heath, maquis, very shrubby, winter is wet, summer is dry, burn every 20-30 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atacama is the driest desert (no rain 6-7 years)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match.

<p>Montane conifer forest = found mountains, main disturbance fire and coastal winds, coastal have talles trees (ex. redwood), fire every 200-300 years Temperate forests = cooler climates, lower diversity, eastern NA, central europe, SE Japan, much harsher climate, long warm wet summer, mostly affected by storms Grasslands = west of rockies, mostly grass, controlled by precipitation, Boreal forests = 2 main places, alaska and scandinavia to asia, cold enough in both seasons so a lot of plants do grow, lower sun angle, do burn, lots of bugs, 3-4 species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

in the Arctic, plants tend to face the sun and a lot of plants are below ground

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

match locations

<p>Tropical rain forests = Central and South America, western and central Africa, western India, Southeast Asia, the island of New Guinea, and Australia Tropical savanna = Africa, Asia, and South America Deserts = North America, Central America, South America, southern Asia, Africa, and Australia Chaparral = West coast of the United States, the West coast of South America, the Cape Town area of South Africa, the Western tip of Australia, and the coastal areas of the Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match locations.

<p>Temperate forests = eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and central and western Europe Grasslands = Eurasian steppes, North American prairies, and Argentine pampas Boreal forests = Alaska and Scandinavia to Asia match free = match free</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match.

<p>Pleistocene migration = Long term changes (1000s to millions of years) Succession = Medium term changes (100s of years) Fluctuation = Short term changes (year to year, decadal) free = free</p> Signup and view all the answers

palynology is the study of where plants grew in the past

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

vegetation changes, match.

<p>Fluctuation = (short term) no change in ecosystem looks, non-directional, no new species Succession = (long term) natural change, initiated by a big disturbance (ex. fire), free = free free = free</p> Signup and view all the answers

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