Production animal orientation: Bovine (Large Animal Clinic & Nursing)

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Questions and Answers

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Cow = Female that has had one or more calves Bull = Intact, sexually mature male Calf = Newborn of either sex Calve = Verb, to give birth

Calf = Intact male that has not reached sexual maturity Heifer = Female that has not had a calf Steer = Neutered male of any age Polled = Born without horns

What is the average weaning weight of the cow/calf

  • 100-400lb
  • 400-500lb (correct)
  • 75-80lb
  • 500-700lb

<p>Shrink = Weight loss associated with stress, transportation and weaning Freshen = Verb, to give birth (dairy cow) Pasteurize = Flash heating to kill bacteria Homogenize = Blending technique used to prevent cream from separating from milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Preconditioning involves a vaccination, nutrition and management program designed to prepare young cattle to withstand the stress of weaning and shipment

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average birth weight of the cow/calf

<p>75-80lb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following helps to determine weaning weight?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weaned cattle that are turned out on pasture/corn stalks, have an average daily gain of 2lb, and are moved to the feedlot at 800-900lb

<p>Stocker cattle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cattle that are purchased at 800-900lb, have restricted exercise and are fed concentrates for 90-120 days and have an average daily gain of 3lb

<p>Feeder cattle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kosher processing refers to

<p>Religious ritual slaughter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The captive bolt renders the animal unconscious

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cuts of meat

<p>Chuck = Pot roast Short loin = T-bone steak, Porterhouse steak, Filet Mignon Sirloin = NY strip steak Round = Boneless beef roast</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beef grading, Quality is based on marbling, firmness and color

<p>1 = Prime 2 = Choice 3 = Select 4 = Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maturity (age of animal at slaughter, not duration of storage)

<p>A = 9-30 months B = 30-42 months C = 42-72 months D = 72-96 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

E grading means that the animal was slaughtered at what age?

<p>&gt;96 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lactation period for a dairy cow?

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dairy cows have a dry period, how long is it

<p>60 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the calving interval of the dairy cow

<p>12 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For dairy cows, when does milk production peak?

<p>4-6 weeks after freshening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should cows be milked

<p>2x daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Replacement heifers, what percentage of the herd is replaced each year?

<p>30-40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dairy steers are fed out as "beef" cattle and their end market are fast food restaurants

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beef cows can produce veal calves

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Veal cows are a dairy product

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding characteristic

<p>Angus = Polled, black coat, black skin Hereford = Red coat with white face and lower legs Charolais = White to cream colored coat, horns curve forward Simmental = Red color, white face and points, red circling eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding characteristic

<p>Angus = Polled, black coat, black skin Texas longhorn = Light muscling and frame, any coat color, characteristic horns Simmental = Red color, white face and points, red circling eyes Charolais = White to cream colored coat, horns curve forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Charolais is a bos taurus breed that evolved from feral Spanish cattle independent of genetic manipulation by people

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Texas Longhorn is a bos taurus breed that evolved from feral Spanish cattle independent of genetic manipulation by people

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding assets

<p>Angus = No dehorning, no cancer eye, no sunburned udders, rapidly maturing, mild demeanor Hereford = Rapid growth, feed efficiency (5:1 ratio), rapidly maturing, mild demeanor Charolais = Large frame (ease of calving), rugged build, hardy and adaptable Simmental = Large frame (ease of calving), highest milk production of beef breeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding assets

<p>Simmental = Large frame (ease of calving), highest milk production of beef breeds Texas longhorn = Ability to efficiently convert poor quality forage into energy, resistance to disease and parasites, soundness, longevity, fertility Hereford = Rapid growth, feed efficiency (5:1 ratio), rapidly maturing, mild demeanor Angus = No dehorning, no cancer eye, no sunburned udders, rapidly maturing, mild demeanor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding liability

<p>Angus = Below average milk production Hereford = Lack of pigmentation on face, below average milk production, less hardy and adaptable Charolais = Requires more energy for maintenance, late maturing (decreased carcass value), contentious demeanor Simmental = Increased energy requirements, late maturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding liability

<p>Texas longhorn = Poor muscling, small frame (decreased carcass value) Simmental = Increased energy requirements, late maturing Hereford = Lack of pigmentation on face, below average milk production, less hardy and adaptable Angus = Below average milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the breed to the corresponding characteristic

<p>Zebu/Brahman (bos indicus) = Light to medium grey, black skin, loose skin folds, prominent hump and dewlap Santa Gertrudis (bos taurus x bos inducus) = Deep cherry red color Angus (bos taurus) = Polled, black coat, black skin Hereford (bos taurus) = Red coat with white face and lower legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the beef cow breed to its corresponding assets

<p>Zebu/Brahman (bos indicus) = Resistance to heat and parasites especially tick borne diseases Santa Gertrudis (bos taurus x bos indicus) = High milk production, resistance to heat and tick borne diseases</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

A liability associated with the Santa Gertrudis beef cow breed is

<p>Increased energy requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dairy cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding characteristic

<p>Holstein = Black and white coat (the &quot;getaway computer cow&quot;) Guernsey = Predominantly red with white underpinnings Jersey = Mouse colored to almost black, black tongue and switch Brown swiss = Brown, no white markings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dairy cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding characteristic

<p>Shorthorn = red/red and white/red roan, horns curve forward Jersey = mouse colored to almost black, black tongue and switch Holstein = Black and white coat (the &quot;getaway computer cow&quot;) Guernsey = Predominantly red with white underpinnings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common breed of dairy cattle?

<p>Holstein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dairy cow breed (bos taurus) to its corresponding comment

<p>Guernsey = High butterfat/high protein/high betacarotene content- milk often appears yellow in color; higher feed efficiency than other dairy cattle and shorter calving interval Jersey = Produce more milk per lb of body weight than any other dairy breed- annual production often exceeds 13x's the cows body weight Brown swiss = Milk used predominantly in cheese production due to high protein content Shorthorn = More muscling than other dairy breeds (high carcass value); dual purpose breed</p> Signup and view all the answers

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