61 Questions
Skeletal system is made up of
Bone, Cartilage, ligaments & tendon
Microscopic unit of a compact bone
Osteon
Skeletal system contains how many bone
206
Cartiage is
Avascular and has no nerve endings
Cartilage is mostly made up of
Water which makes it serve has a shock absorber
Because the cartilage is Avascular it is surrounded by
Perichondrium ( provides nutrient)
3 types of Cartilage are
Hyaline, Elastic& Fibrocartilage
All 3 types of Cartilage have
chrondycytes(cells responsible for cartilage formation) and extracellular matrix
Hyaline cartilage provides
Support, flexibility & resilience
Hyaline Cartilage is
more abundant
Types of hyaline cartilage
articular, respiratory, nasal & costal
What kind of fiber does Hyalin cartilage have
Collagen fibers
Elastic Cartilage have what fiber
Elastic fiber
Elastic cartilage are found
In external ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage are
highly compressible
Fibrocartilage are found in
Knee and vertebral disc
Appositional growth is
During late adolescence and throughout adulthood
Interstitial growth
During childhood & early adolescence
Bone functions
Plays importantant role in homeostasis
Function of bone
Store calcium and phosphate
Function of bone
blood cell formation(hematopoisis) in the red marrow
Function of bone
Stores fat for energy in yellow marrow
Function of bone
Hornmone production eg osteocalcin which helps to regulate insulin secretion
Bone is classified by
Region and Shape
2 region classification of bone
Axial & Appendicular
Shape bone classification
long, flat, short & irregular
Long bone
Thigh, leg,arm & forearm
Shaft of long bone
Diaphysis
2 bulky end of long bone
Epiphysis
Long bone is because
of their shape and not their size
Short bones are in
Wrist and ankle
Special kind of short bone is
Sesamoid bone(formed in the tendon)
Flat bone
skull,scapula, ribs
The reminant of epiphyseal line is at
Epiphyseal plate
The reminant of childhood bone growth is
Epiphyseal line
Irregular bone
hip bone, facial,vertebrae
Compact bone is
Dense , smooth and outside
Spongy bone is
less dense, light, inside
What is essential for bone cell survival and bone formation
Periosteum
What contains osteogenic cells that helps to differentiate into other bone cells
Endosteum
Hematopoiesis takes place in the
Red marrow and yellow marrow
outward bulge of bone
Projection
Passageways for vessels and nerves
Depression & opening
Bone forming celss that secretes bone matrix or osteoid is
Osteoblast
Osteoblast is
Actively mitotic
what cell monitor and maintain the bone
Osteocytes
What bone cell is responsible for bone resorption
Osteoclast
The process of bone formation is
Ossification / osteogenesis
Bone formation begins
2nd month of fetal development
Bone formed from a cartilage is
Endochondral ossification
Bone formed from fibrous membrane is
Intramembraneous ossification
The primary ossification centre is
Endochondral ossification
A ll bones below the skull except clavicle are formed byn
Endochondral ossification
Cranial bones and clavicles are formed by
Intramembranous ossification
Increase in bone length
Interstitial growth
Increase in bone thickness
Appositional growth
During bone remodelling what happens to calcium
Calcium is moved into and out of blood
during bone formation
calcium is remove from blood
during bone breakdown
calcium is release into the blood to increase circulation
parathyroid hormone
Stimulated release of bone into blood
calcitonin
Removes calcium from the blood
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system and cartilage composition with this quiz. Explore topics such as bone structure, cartilage composition, and the characteristics of avascular cartilage.
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