REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
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Questions and Answers

Function of the male reproductive system

  • Produce sex hormones
  • Develop male gametes
  • Deliver spermatozoa to the female system at the appropriate time
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Produces sperm and hormones

  • Testes
  • Gonads
  • Scrotum
  • Both A and B (correct)

    • Located outside the abdomen in the inguinal region

  • testes (correct)
  • scrotum
  • prepuce
  • spermatic cord

    • What is the name for the sac of skin that houses the testes

    <p>Scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the band of connective tissue that attaches testes to scrotum

    <p>Gubernaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the testes begin development

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The testes begin development in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen near the kidney, however as the embryo grows, they

    <p>Are gradually pulled caudally and ventrally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Openings in abdominal muscles through which testes descend

    <p>Inguinal rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contains the nucleus of the cell

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The head of the spermatozoan is covered by a caplike structure, what is the name for this structure

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contains digestive enzymes that help the spermatozoan reach and penetrate the ovum

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Has a large concentration of of mitochondria arranged in a spiral pattern

    <p>Midpiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contains muscle like contractile fibrils

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Produces whip-like movement of the tail and propel the cell foward once it is activated

    <p>Muscle-like contractile fibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Helps regulate the temperature of the testes

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The testes must be kept at slightly cooler temperature than the body

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The testes must be kept at slightly warmer temperature than the body

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passes down through the inguinal rings and attaches to the scrotum

    <p>Cremaster muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adjusts the position of the testes relative to the body depending on temperature

    <p>Cremaster muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Links testes to the rest of the body

    <p>Spermatic cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structure that contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves and the vas deferens

    <p>Spermatic cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meshwork of veins that surround the testicular artery

    <p>Pampiniform plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pampiniform plexus ______________

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue that forms sheath-like layers around the testes and the spermatic cord

    <p>Vaginal tunic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Derived from the peritoneum

    <p>Vaginal tunics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Very thin inner layer

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thick outer layer

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Forms a fibrous sac around each testis and spermatic cord

    <p>Parietal vaginal tunic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Site of spermatogenesis

    <p>Seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long, convoluted U shaped tube attached at both ends to system of ducts (rete testis)

    <p>Seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endocrine cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens (testosterone)

    <p>Interstitial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Support developing spermatids

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After detaching from ___________, spermatozoa enter the rete testis then flow through the ____________ to the ___________

    <p>sertoli cells, efferent ducts, epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Single, long convoluted tube that connects the efferent ducts of the testis with the vas deferens

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serves as area for storage and maturation of spermatozoa

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Epididymis] site where spermatozoa enter form efferent ducts

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Epididymis] lies along the surface of the testis

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Epididymis] continues on as the vas deferens

    <p>Tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part of the spermatic cord

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vas deferens passes through ___________ then separates from _____________ and connects with ___________

    <p>inguinal ring, spermatic cord, urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vas deferens has thick smooth muscle walls

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vas deferens has thin smooth muscle walls

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functions to propel sperm quickly from epididymis to urethra at the time of ejaculation

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra carries urine from the urinary bladder outside the body

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [urethra] entry point of vas deferens and accessory reproductive glands

    <p>Pelvic portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [urethra] runs down the length of the penis

    <p>Penile portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________ from vas deferens and _________________ enter the urethra and are pumped out as semen

    <p>Spermatozoa, secretions from accessory reproductive glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ducts from all accessory reproductive glands enter the pelvic portion of the urethra

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ducts from a select few reproductive glands enter the pelvic portion of the urethra

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Different species have different combinations of accessory reproductive glands

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All species have the same combinations of accessory reproductive glands

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Produce alkaline fluid that helps counteract the acidity of the female reproductive tract

    <p>Accessory reproductive glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surrounds the urethra

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple ducts carry secretions into the urethra

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secrete's mucinous fluid just before ejaculation that clears and lubricates the urethra

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ducts enter urethra near caudal border of pelvis

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The penis is composed of

    <p>Muscle, erectile tissue, connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The penis has a large blood supply but few sensory nerve endings

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The penis has a large blood supply and many sensory nerve endings

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the 3 main parts of the penis

    <p>Roots, body, glans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distal end [of the penis] contains numerous sensory nerves

    <p>Glans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prepuce is the sheath of skin that encloses the penis when it is not erect

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inner portion of the prepuce is rough in texture but has a moist mucous membrane

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inner portion of the prepuce is smooth and has a moist mucous membrane

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra runs through the groove on the ___________ surface of the _________

    <p>Ventral, os penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulb of the glans refers to

    <p>An enlargement towards the rear of the glans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulb of the glans is an enlargement towards the rear of the glans, it reaches full size immediately before ejaculation

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bulb of the glans is an enlargement towards the rear of the glans, it does not reach full size until after ejaculation

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After ejaculation, the bulb of the glans remain clamped in place due to its abnormal size

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After ejaculation the bulb of the glans remain clamped in place by the contractions of muscles surrounding the vagina and vulva

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erection of the bulb of the glans subsides in _______________

    <p>15-20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are the MAIN reproductive organs

    <p>Ovaries, oviducts, uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sheets of peritoneum

    <p>Broad ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    mesovarium

    <p>Supports the ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supports the oviduct

    <p>Mesosalpinx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supports the uterus

    <p>Mesometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The broad ligaments contain ___________ and __________

    <p>Blood vessels, nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______________ attaches to body wall in area of last rib

    <p>Ovarian end of broad ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The round ligament of the uterus is a cord of _____________ and smooth muscle in the _______________ of the broad ligaments on each side

    <p>Fibrous tissue, lateral fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrous tissue and smooth muscle in lateral fold of the broad ligament on each side

    <p>Round ligament of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ovarian end of broad ligament attaches to the body wall in area of last rib

    <p>Suspensory ligament of the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supports the uterus

    <p>Suspensory ligament of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovaries are located in the dorsal abdomen near the kidneys

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovaries are located in the ventral abdomen near the kidneys

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Site of oogenesis

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Production of estrogens and progestins happens here

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When only one mature ovum is produced per cycle the species is

    <p>Uniparous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uniparous species'

    <p>Horse, cow, human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it called when a species produce multiple ova per cycle

    <p>Multiparous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiparous species'

    <p>Cat, dog, sow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In most animal species ovulation occurs as a result of rising levels of LH. This occurs regardless of whether breeding has taken place, what is the name for this phenomenon

    <p>Spontaneous ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In some species like cats, camels and rabbits breeding must take place before ovulation can occur, What is the name for this phenomenon

    <p>Induced ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuously cycle throughout the year

    <p>Polyestrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continually cycle at certain times of the year

    <p>Seasonally polyestrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cycle 2 times per year

    <p>Diestrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cycle once a year

    <p>Monoestrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oviducts are also known as the

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fallopian tubes (oviducts)

    <p>Extend from the tips of the uterine horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enlarged opening at the ovarian end of each oviduct

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular projections from margin of infundibulum

    <p>Fimbrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Helps properly position the infundibulum

    <p>Fimbrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The walls of the oviducts contain

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lining of the oviducts contain

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________and _________ movements carry guide ovum toward the uterus

    <p>Muscle contractions, cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Usual site of fertilization

    <p>Oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is a hollow muscular organ

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In common domestic animals the uterus is somewhat I shaped

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In common domestic animals the uterus is somewhat Y shaped

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [uterine wall layers] lining composed of simple columnar epithelium and simple tubular glands

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secretes mucus and other substances

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Uterine wall layers] thick layers of smooth muscle

    <p>Myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Uterine wall] outermost layer covered by the visceral layer of the peritoneum

    <p>Perimetrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle sphincter between the body of the uterus and the vagina

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Controls access to the lumen of the uterus from the vagina

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is normally tightly closed, except during estrus and parturition

    <p>Cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the muscular tube that extends caudally from the cervix and connects with the vulva

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vulva is the only portion of the female reproductive system that is visible from the outside, it is made up of __________

    <p>The vestibule, the clitoris, and the labia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra open on

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestation range of dogs

    <p>56-68 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestation range of cats

    <p>56-69 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestation period of cats and dogs

    <p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Usual number of mammary glands of cats and dogs

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Location of mammary glands for cats and dogs

    <p>Inguinal, abdominal and thoracic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Number of openings in teats or nipples of cats and dogs

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Link between the fetus and the structures of the placenta

    <p>Umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The umbilical cord contains

    <p>2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carries unoxygenated blood and waste filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

    <p>2 umbilical arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carries nutrient rich, oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

    <p>Umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fetus bladder through umbilical cord to allantoic sac

    <p>Urachus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multilayerd, fluid filled membranous sac

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The innermost layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outermost layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas, it is in these areas that the fetal and maternal blood vessels are NOT in close proximity to each other

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outermost layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas, it is in these areas that the fetal and maternal blood vessels are in close proximity to each other

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Membranous layer immediately surrounding the fetus

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amnion forms the amniotic sac

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fetus floats in the amniotic sac inside the amniotic fluid

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fetus floats in the amniotic fluid inside the amniotic sac

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Layer surrounding the amniotic sac. Forms the _____ which accumulates wastes

    <p>Allantois, allantoic sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outside of the allantoic sac is covered by the ________

    <p>Chorion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chorion attaches to the lining of the uterus

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chorion does not attach to the lining of the uterus

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chorion is linked to the fetus by the amniotic sac

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chorion is linked to the fetus by the umbilical cord

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area where the chorion attaches to the lining of the uterus is ____________________

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of uterus attachments varies among species but can be categorized into one of ____ general types: _____________

    <p>4, diffuse, cotyledonary, zonary, discoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placental attachment for pigs, horses and camelids

    <p>Diffuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placental attachment found in ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats

    <p>Cotyledonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placental attachment found in dogs and cats

    <p>Zonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placental attachment found in humans and other primates

    <p>Discoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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