REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

Function of the male reproductive system

Produces sperm and hormones

Located outside the abdomen in the inguinal region

What is the name for the sac of skin that houses the testes

Which of the following is the band of connective tissue that attaches testes to scrotum

Where do the testes begin development

The testes begin development in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen near the kidney, however as the embryo grows, they

Openings in abdominal muscles through which testes descend

Contains the nucleus of the cell

The head of the spermatozoan is covered by a caplike structure, what is the name for this structure

Contains digestive enzymes that help the spermatozoan reach and penetrate the ovum

Has a large concentration of of mitochondria arranged in a spiral pattern

Contains muscle like contractile fibrils

Produces whip-like movement of the tail and propel the cell foward once it is activated

Helps regulate the temperature of the testes

The testes must be kept at slightly cooler temperature than the body

The testes must be kept at slightly warmer temperature than the body

Passes down through the inguinal rings and attaches to the scrotum

Adjusts the position of the testes relative to the body depending on temperature

Links testes to the rest of the body

Structure that contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves and the vas deferens

Meshwork of veins that surround the testicular artery

The pampiniform plexus ______________

Connective tissue that forms sheath-like layers around the testes and the spermatic cord

Derived from the peritoneum

Very thin inner layer

Thick outer layer

Forms a fibrous sac around each testis and spermatic cord

Site of spermatogenesis

Long, convoluted U shaped tube attached at both ends to system of ducts (rete testis)

Endocrine cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens (testosterone)

Support developing spermatids

After detaching from ___________, spermatozoa enter the rete testis then flow through the ____________ to the ___________

Single, long convoluted tube that connects the efferent ducts of the testis with the vas deferens

Serves as area for storage and maturation of spermatozoa

[Epididymis] site where spermatozoa enter form efferent ducts

[Epididymis] lies along the surface of the testis

[Epididymis] continues on as the vas deferens

Part of the spermatic cord

The vas deferens passes through ___________ then separates from _____________ and connects with ___________

The vas deferens has thick smooth muscle walls

The vas deferens has thin smooth muscle walls

Functions to propel sperm quickly from epididymis to urethra at the time of ejaculation

The urethra carries urine from the urinary bladder outside the body

[urethra] entry point of vas deferens and accessory reproductive glands

[urethra] runs down the length of the penis

___________ from vas deferens and _________________ enter the urethra and are pumped out as semen

Ducts from all accessory reproductive glands enter the pelvic portion of the urethra

Ducts from a select few reproductive glands enter the pelvic portion of the urethra

Different species have different combinations of accessory reproductive glands

All species have the same combinations of accessory reproductive glands

Produce alkaline fluid that helps counteract the acidity of the female reproductive tract

Surrounds the urethra

Multiple ducts carry secretions into the urethra

Secrete's mucinous fluid just before ejaculation that clears and lubricates the urethra

Ducts enter urethra near caudal border of pelvis

The penis is composed of

The penis has a large blood supply but few sensory nerve endings

The penis has a large blood supply and many sensory nerve endings

Which of the following are the 3 main parts of the penis

Distal end [of the penis] contains numerous sensory nerves

The prepuce is the sheath of skin that encloses the penis when it is not erect

The inner portion of the prepuce is rough in texture but has a moist mucous membrane

The inner portion of the prepuce is smooth and has a moist mucous membrane

The urethra runs through the groove on the ___________ surface of the _________

The bulb of the glans refers to

The bulb of the glans is an enlargement towards the rear of the glans, it reaches full size immediately before ejaculation

The bulb of the glans is an enlargement towards the rear of the glans, it does not reach full size until after ejaculation

After ejaculation, the bulb of the glans remain clamped in place due to its abnormal size

After ejaculation the bulb of the glans remain clamped in place by the contractions of muscles surrounding the vagina and vulva

Erection of the bulb of the glans subsides in _______________

Which are the MAIN reproductive organs

Sheets of peritoneum

mesovarium

Supports the oviduct

Supports the uterus

The broad ligaments contain ___________ and __________

_______________ attaches to body wall in area of last rib

The round ligament of the uterus is a cord of _____________ and smooth muscle in the _______________ of the broad ligaments on each side

Fibrous tissue and smooth muscle in lateral fold of the broad ligament on each side

Ovarian end of broad ligament attaches to the body wall in area of last rib

Supports the uterus

The ovaries are located in the dorsal abdomen near the kidneys

The ovaries are located in the ventral abdomen near the kidneys

Site of oogenesis

Production of estrogens and progestins happens here

When only one mature ovum is produced per cycle the species is

Uniparous species'

What is it called when a species produce multiple ova per cycle

Multiparous species'

In most animal species ovulation occurs as a result of rising levels of LH. This occurs regardless of whether breeding has taken place, what is the name for this phenomenon

In some species like cats, camels and rabbits breeding must take place before ovulation can occur, What is the name for this phenomenon

Continuously cycle throughout the year

Continually cycle at certain times of the year

Cycle 2 times per year

Cycle once a year

The oviducts are also known as the

The fallopian tubes (oviducts)

Enlarged opening at the ovarian end of each oviduct

Muscular projections from margin of infundibulum

Helps properly position the infundibulum

The walls of the oviducts contain

The lining of the oviducts contain

________and _________ movements carry guide ovum toward the uterus

Usual site of fertilization

Is a hollow muscular organ

In common domestic animals the uterus is somewhat I shaped

In common domestic animals the uterus is somewhat Y shaped

[uterine wall layers] lining composed of simple columnar epithelium and simple tubular glands

Secretes mucus and other substances

[Uterine wall layers] thick layers of smooth muscle

[Uterine wall] outermost layer covered by the visceral layer of the peritoneum

Smooth muscle sphincter between the body of the uterus and the vagina

Controls access to the lumen of the uterus from the vagina

Is normally tightly closed, except during estrus and parturition

Is the muscular tube that extends caudally from the cervix and connects with the vulva

The vulva is the only portion of the female reproductive system that is visible from the outside, it is made up of __________

The urethra open on

Gestation range of dogs

Gestation range of cats

Gestation period of cats and dogs

Usual number of mammary glands of cats and dogs

Location of mammary glands for cats and dogs

Number of openings in teats or nipples of cats and dogs

Link between the fetus and the structures of the placenta

The umbilical cord contains

Carries unoxygenated blood and waste filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

Carries nutrient rich, oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Fetus bladder through umbilical cord to allantoic sac

Multilayerd, fluid filled membranous sac

The innermost layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas

The outer layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas

The outermost layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas, it is in these areas that the fetal and maternal blood vessels are NOT in close proximity to each other

The outermost layer of the placenta attaches to the uterine lining in some areas, it is in these areas that the fetal and maternal blood vessels are in close proximity to each other

Membranous layer immediately surrounding the fetus

The amnion forms the amniotic sac

The fetus floats in the amniotic sac inside the amniotic fluid

The fetus floats in the amniotic fluid inside the amniotic sac

Layer surrounding the amniotic sac. Forms the _____ which accumulates wastes

The outside of the allantoic sac is covered by the ________

The chorion attaches to the lining of the uterus

The chorion does not attach to the lining of the uterus

The chorion is linked to the fetus by the amniotic sac

The chorion is linked to the fetus by the umbilical cord

The area where the chorion attaches to the lining of the uterus is ____________________

The type of uterus attachments varies among species but can be categorized into one of ____ general types: _____________

Placental attachment for pigs, horses and camelids

Placental attachment found in ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats

Placental attachment found in dogs and cats

Placental attachment found in humans and other primates