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The ability of the body to resist foreign invaders.
The ability of the body to resist foreign invaders.
Results from the general and physiological processes occurring in an individual.
Results from the general and physiological processes occurring in an individual.
Examples of Innate Immunity are listed below except:
Examples of Innate Immunity are listed below except:
Develops unless foreign body invades the individual thru active/passive Immunization.
Develops unless foreign body invades the individual thru active/passive Immunization.
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Acquired Immunity can be achieved thru:
Acquired Immunity can be achieved thru:
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Active Immunization such as:
Active Immunization such as:
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Passive Immunization such as:
Passive Immunization such as:
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Acquired Immunity can be possible thru the development of:
Acquired Immunity can be possible thru the development of:
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Formation of activated T lymphocytes or sensitized T cells (T helper cell, Cytotoxic /killer T cell, and Suppressor T cell/ regulatory T cell)
Formation of activated T lymphocytes or sensitized T cells (T helper cell, Cytotoxic /killer T cell, and Suppressor T cell/ regulatory T cell)
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Production of antibodies
Production of antibodies
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These are also called immunoglobulins (Ig)
These are also called immunoglobulins (Ig)
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The antibody is a Y shaped structure having two portion:
The antibody is a Y shaped structure having two portion:
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It is responsible for the attachment of antigen.
It is responsible for the attachment of antigen.
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It is responsible for the activation of the compliment system.
It is responsible for the activation of the compliment system.
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Classes of Antibodies:
Classes of Antibodies:
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Immunoglobulin (commonly found in body secretions like tears and
saliva)
Immunoglobulin (commonly found in body secretions like tears and saliva)
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Bivalent Ig (antibodies with two binding site for attachment of antigen);
most numerous immunoglobulins present in the serum
Bivalent Ig (antibodies with two binding site for attachment of antigen); most numerous immunoglobulins present in the serum
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Polyvalent Ig (antibodies with ten binding site ); First response Ig; Large Ig
Polyvalent Ig (antibodies with ten binding site ); First response Ig; Large Ig
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Bivalent Ig; numerous in cases of allergic and parasitic reactions
Bivalent Ig; numerous in cases of allergic and parasitic reactions
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These are substances having a molecular weight of more than 8000,
were termed “foreign bodies” because they are not normally
present in the body. Examples: could be bacteria and viruses
These are substances having a molecular weight of more than 8000, were termed “foreign bodies” because they are not normally present in the body. Examples: could be bacteria and viruses
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Process on How an Antibody Attack Antigen:
Process on How an Antibody Attack Antigen:
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Listed below are included in Direct attack except:
Listed below are included in Direct attack except:
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Rupture of an antigen
Rupture of an antigen
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Clumping of cells
Clumping of cells
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The injection of hyper immune serum to confer immunity is an example of:
The injection of hyper immune serum to confer immunity is an example of:
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When allergic reaction occurs in an individual, it is characterized with the presence of large quantities of:
When allergic reaction occurs in an individual, it is characterized with the presence of large quantities of:
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Regulates the activity of Cytotoxic T Cell
Regulates the activity of Cytotoxic T Cell
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Can kill even the normal cells if not controlled properly.
Can kill even the normal cells if not controlled properly.
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Responsible for the formation of Immune tolerance of an individual.
Responsible for the formation of Immune tolerance of an individual.
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Produced in the body will kill the normal cells within the body. During their development, they are introduced to the normal T cell so that they will not kill/destroy the normal cell.
Produced in the body will kill the normal cells within the body. During their development, they are introduced to the normal T cell so that they will not kill/destroy the normal cell.
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Committed stem cells for the formation of B-lymphocytes will go in the _____ (birds). Remain in _____ (mammals)
Committed stem cells for the formation of B-lymphocytes will go in the _____ (birds). Remain in _____ (mammals)
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Committed stem cells for the formation of T-lymphocytes will go in the _____.
Committed stem cells for the formation of T-lymphocytes will go in the _____.
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It helps the multiplication and cloning of specific b-lymphocytes.
It helps the multiplication and cloning of specific b-lymphocytes.
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Covers the toxic substances making it non-toxic.
Covers the toxic substances making it non-toxic.
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Substances produced by antigen, they transform it from soluble to insoluble making it inactive.
Substances produced by antigen, they transform it from soluble to insoluble making it inactive.
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