9th Grade Biology: Classification and Microorganisms

Study Notes

Cladogram Function

A cladogram's primary function in classification is to visually represent evolutionary relationships between different organisms.
By depicting shared derived characteristics, cladograms help to understand the evolutionary history and common ancestry of different groups.

Lysogenic Infection Example

A lysogenic viral infection involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell's genome.
Instead of immediate replication, the virus remains dormant, and it is replicated along with the host DNA.
An example of a lysogenic infection is the virus that causes chickenpox, which can later re-emerge as shingles.

Eukaryotic, Multicellular, and Heterotrophic Kingdom

The kingdom Animalia is characterized by organisms that are eukaryotic (possessing a nucleus), multicellular, and heterotrophic (relying on other organisms for food).
Animals exhibit a wide range of adaptations, including complex tissues, organs, and organ systems, enabling diverse life forms.

Aerobes vs. Anaerobes

The primary difference between aerobes and anaerobes lies in their dependence on oxygen for survival.
Aerobes require oxygen for cellular respiration, while anaerobes can survive and thrive in the absence of oxygen.
Some anaerobes, known as facultative anaerobes, can switch between using oxygen and anaerobic respiration depending on the environment.

Eukaryotic Organisms without True Tissues

Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that are characterized by being eukaryotic but lacking true tissues, which are specialized groups of cells working together.
They can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular, and they exhibit a vast array of forms and functions, including algae, protozoa, and slime molds.

Description

Test your knowledge of biology fundamentals! This quiz covers organism classification, cladograms, the six kingdoms, and microorganisms, including lytic and lysogenic infections, aerobes and anaerobes, protists, fungi, and plant classifications.