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Damietta University Study Notes

• Department: Home Economics
• Faculty: Specific Education
• Course: Household Appliances and Tools

Course Content

• Chapter 1: Fundamental Materials and Minerals in the Manufacturing of Household Tools

  • Introduction: Household tools are essential items, varying in size, shape, and materials. Modern tools utilize diverse materials. Consumers should select tools based on price, quality, and efficiency.
  • Aluminum: Light, silver-colored metal, easily shaped. Used in various applications, including food containers and kitchenware. Aluminum alloys are stronger than pure aluminum. It's the most used metal after iron and steel, and is abundant in the Earth's crust.
  • Iron: An ancient, strong, and inexpensive metal; however, it rusts in humid conditions. A poor conductor of heat, so it retains heat. Used in many kitchen items. Iron is obtained from ores like hematite, goethite, and magnetite. Impurities like sulfur, phosphorus, and arsenic are undesirable.
  • Stainless Steel: Blend of iron with chromium and titanium for high heat tolerance, resistance to scratching, and good heat conduction. Used widely in cookware, knives, refrigerators, and ovens. The best quality has "10-18" stamped on the bottom. Two types: lightweight with a thin base, and heavy with a thick, copper or aluminum-lined base.
  • Copper: Excellent heat conductor, often used in cookware (often coated with tin).
  • Zinc: A heavy metal used in plating to protect other metals; it's not used in cooking vessels directly.
  • Silver: A precious metal, less commonly used in cookware, but frequently for utensils, tableware and ornamental pieces.
  • Tinplate: A thin layer of tin that can be applied to other metals, to protect them from rusting and oxidation.
  • Glass: Made from silica and soda, and sometimes borax, sulfates of soda, and potassium carbonate. It's used in various household items—cups, bottles, and vases—and has different colors for specific applications (like medicine packaging). Available in thicknesses to resist impact.
  • Plastic: Easy to shape. Used as a substitute for metals and other materials. Two types: Thermoplastics (e.g., acrylics, cellulosics, nylon, polyethylene, polystyrene) and Thermosetting plastics (e.g., phenolics, Melamine, and Kasein). Also used in packaging for food.

• Chapter 2: Home Appliances

  • Introduction: Covering common electrical appliances: refrigeration, ovens, mixers, kettles, irons, washers, vacuums, and dishwashers.
  • Electrical Appliances: covering electrical terms, purchasing considerations, methods of heat transfer, refrigerators, freezers, ovens, mixers, kettles, irons, vacuums, and dishwashers, water heaters, and microwaves.

• Chapter 3: Practical Applications

  • Covering practical applications of household tools and equipment.

• Appendix (not covered): Detailed information, diagrams, and references.