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What was a significant effect of insecticide A after multiple applications?

  • It eliminated the entire fly population permanently.
  • It became more effective over time.
  • It became less effective in killing the flies. (correct)
  • It had no impact on the population of flies.

    • What likely caused the farmer to conclude that insecticide A was decomposing?

  • The same batch was used for all sprayings. (correct)
  • The duration of the applications was too long.
  • The weather conditions were unfavorable.
  • The flies were resistant to all types of insecticides.

    • What is a potential consequence of the repeated use of the same insecticide?

  • Development of resistance in the pest population. (correct)
  • Increased effectiveness in eliminating pests.
  • Lower toxicity to non-target organisms.
  • Faster decomposition of the insecticide.

    • Which of the following was NOT a suggested method for controlling carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>Utilize renewable energy sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the farmer's primary concern regarding the fly population?

    <p>The flies were affecting the health of the dairy cattle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the farmer initially attempt to manage the fly population?

    <p>By spraying insecticides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does carbon dioxide (CO2) have on the earth's temperature?

    <p>It contributes to heating the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the final outcome following multiple applications of insecticide A?

    <p>The fly population again became large after each spraying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue suggested regarding the effectiveness of insecticide A over time?

    <p>The insecticide decomposes and becomes less effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disease that humans may be more susceptible to due to the depletion of the ozone layer?

    <p>Skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is specifically mentioned in relation to ozone depletion?

    <p>Cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves testing the potency of insecticide over time?

    <p>Comparing a fresh batch with an old batch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible alternative explanation for why insecticide A was becoming less effective?

    <p>The environment around the flies changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the stance on the influence of CFCs on the ozone layer during the international meeting in Montreal?

    <p>Scientific uncertainties warrant government action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding the question of CFC concentration in the year 2002, what would be the expected answer?

    <p>it would remain constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment setup, what is the purpose of using two groups of flies?

    <p>To assess the effects of batch age on efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it suggested to send insecticide samples to the lab periodically?

    <p>To test its strength and effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question was posed regarding government action in relation to CFCs?

    <p>Should scientific uncertainties prevent action?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suggestion of waiting for the insecticide to get older imply?

    <p>Effectiveness can be tested as the insecticide ages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the correct answers regarding the questions on scientific research about CFCs?

    <p>No, Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The beneficial role of the ozone layer mainly protects humans from which type of environmental threat?

    <p>Ultraviolet rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does the farmer suggest testing the insecticide for effectiveness?

    <p>Every few months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of using the same big batch of insecticide for both groups?

    <p>It could lead to the flies developing resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be indirectly caused by increased ultraviolet exposure due to ozone layer depletion?

    <p>Skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that leads to the formation of ozone (O3)?

    <p>Ozone is formed when single oxygen molecules bond with O2 due to solar heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is credit not given for the explanation that mentions the sun's influence in the destruction of ozone?

    <p>It inaccurately suggests that the Sun primarily forms ozone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the ozone formed during thunderstorms?

    <p>It is regarded as bad ozone since it forms in the troposphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the sun's ultraviolet rays have on the ozone layer?

    <p>They can break down existing ozone molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what environment is good ozone formed according to the information provided?

    <p>In the stratosphere where it can absorb UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fictional representation of ozone is depicted in the text?

    <p>Ozone layers are depicted as being burned by the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components needed for the formation of O3?

    <p>A single oxygen atom joins with an O2 molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between good ozone and bad ozone?

    <p>Good ozone exists as a protective layer in the stratosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scoring indicates a person is fit for drinking based on their health conditions?

    <p>Full credit for responses: No, Yes, No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is associated with high interest in learning about water safety?

    <p>Knowing how water is tested for bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of tooth decay according to this context?

    <p>Bacteria living in our mouths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the scoring codes?

    <p>Full credit is zero when one response is incorrect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interest level is unrelated to water safety in the provided options?

    <p>Examining oral hygiene and tooth decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lakes and rivers typically become polluted?

    <p>By people and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of ground water helps reduce bacterial survival?

    <p>It lacks adequate food for bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the settling pond in the water cleaning process?

    <p>It allows larger particles like gravel and sand to sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorine in water treatment?

    <p>To kill bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might ground water be considered cleaner than surface water sources like lakes and rivers?

    <p>It is filtered by soil and rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a benefit of the cleaning process that involves multiple steps?

    <p>It minimizes the likelihood of bacteria and toxins remaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically NOT a reason for treating water before it is deemed safe to drink?

    <p>To concentrate minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the clean quality of groundwater compared to lakes and rivers?

    <p>It is less impacted by human activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    PISA Released Items - Science

    • Project Consortium includes: Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER), Netherlands National Institute for Educational Measurement (CITO), National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER, Japan), and Westat.
    • Table of contents lists various science topics. Examples: Greenhouse, Biodiversity, Buses, Cloning, Daylight, Semmelweis' Diary, Climate Change, Flies, Clothes, etc.
    • Living things need energy to survive, energy from the sun.
    • Earth's atmosphere acts like a protective blanket, regulating temperature.
    • Greenhouse effect—Earth's atmosphere has an effect similar to a greenhouse, increasing average temperature.
    • Increased carbon dioxide emissions are often cited as a primary cause of temperature rise in the 20th century.
    • A student, André, investigated a possible relationship between average Earth atmosphere temperature and carbon dioxide emission using graphs.
    • André concluded that the increase in average temperature is directly related to the increase in carbon dioxide emission, based on the graphs' increasing trends.
    • Another student, Jeanne, argued that André's conclusion was not certain because some parts of the graphs do not demonstrate a clear relationship between the two factors (temperature and carbon dioxide emission).
    • PISA assessment items on the greenhouse effect, and possible correlations of factors like carbon dioxide emissions and temperature changes.
    • Scientific articles were included and analysed
    • Topics like biodiversity, the transit of Venus, flies, and various scientific concepts were addressed.
    • A variety of different scientific topics are included in the study items.
    • The specific data, figures, analysis and conclusions of the text's scientific concepts are detailed in the study notes.

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