Quiz

The Brana plan involves the targeting of women, adolescents, and children in Muslim communities during war, with the aim of destabilizing their social and religious structures.

1. Military forces entering a village, raping women in public view, and then offering safe passage out of the village. 2. Random selection of individuals in concentration camps for rape, often as part of torture before death. 3. Imprisoning women in rape/death camps and subjecting them to systematic rape for extended periods of time.

Enforced pregnancies can be used as a form of torture and control, either preceding death or leading to forced pregnancy. It is a way to further inflict suffering on the victims and potentially contribute to the destruction of the targeted group.

Little is known about male victims.

Any person under the age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not limited to cooks, porters, messengers, and those accompany such groups, other than purely as family members.

Forced recruitment, family considerations, hopes of earning money, power, glamour and excitement, disaffection with failed systems, lack of educational opportunities, ideology and political socialisation.

Yes, there is a possibility that children may join an armed group on a voluntary basis due to new social, economic, and political systems created by war.

Education is regarded as essential for instilling stability and normalcy in the lives of children who have experienced the trauma of civil war.

Education is widely seen as a significant 'life-affirming activity' that can restore hope and purpose among children who have been emotionally and often physically overcome by the scourge of war.

The purpose of education from a child rights perspective is to instill stability, normalcy, hope, and purpose in the lives of children affected by war.

cooking, washing dishes, fetching water and firewood, laundering, and taking care of younger children

sexual violence, sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, reproductive health problems

combat activities, trainers for incoming recruits, intelligence officers, spies, recruiters, medics, first aid technicians, weapons experts

Girls, who were ultimately subservient to male authority, suffered severe physical abuse at the hands of those who commanded them. They were also witnesses to brutal forms of violence against men, women, and children, both combatants and civilians.

The purpose of the retributive justice model is to hold wrongdoers accountable for their crimes through punishment, with the severity of punishment being proportional to the seriousness of the crime.

The main goal of the restorative justice model is to make restitution and address the need for accountability and some form of justice, while also considering the cultural norms of justice in many African societies.

Trying child soldiers in courts could significantly add to their potential stigmatization and might lead to difficulties with their reintegration into society.

Girls may choose to join armed forces due to religious or political beliefs, to obtain food, shelter, medicine, seek revenge, or in search of empowerment and emancipation in societies with rigid gender roles.

Rape and enforced pregnancy can be viewed as a crime of biological warfare because it can destroy the morale of a people, especially if inflicted on the youth, who represent its hope for the future. If the objective is to undermine the will to fight, mass rape and enforced pregnancy might contribute to that end as effectively as infectious disease.

Direct attacks on civilian women and children seem to be designed to motivate men to cease fighting. These attacks can undermine the will of soldiers to protect their homes, families, and the futures of their communities.

The use of sperm as a weapon fits the concept of biological warfare used to attack a biological system (reproductive system) in members of the enemy population. Although the attack need not produce illness, it is designed to produce social chaos and can become a social and psychological toxin, poisoning the futures of victims and their communities.

Enforced pregnancies can contribute to the destruction and social death of a community in several ways. The resulting children could be seen as belonging to the enemy, stigmatizing and ostracizing the raped women. If these women are unwilling or unable to reproduce the next generation, it can lead to the community's destruction. Additionally, the trauma experienced by women who give birth to children resulting from rape and enforced pregnancy may prevent them from engaging in sexual relationships or procreating further, further impacting the community's future.

War-affected girls often experience severe physical and psychological health problems post-conflict, including chronic head and stomach aches, war-related wounds and beatings, malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, diarrhoea, parasitic infections, malnutrition, gynaecological problems resulting from rape, and a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.

Girl child soldiers often face higher rates of rejection by community members compared to their male counterparts. The behaviors they learned within the armed groups, which helped them survive the conflict, may hinder their reintegration into their communities. Behaviors that violate gender norms, such as aggression, quarrelsomeness, abusive language, drug abuse, and smoking, can affect a girl's ability to readapt to her community and the community's response to her. Additionally, girls may suffer rejection due to their former affiliation with the armed group and because they were victims of sexual violence.

Spiritual and religious rituals can facilitate the healing process, reconnect the child to the community, and have positive psychosocial effects. Community-cleansing rituals help children successfully reintegrate into their communities by providing them with a sense of acceptance, importance, and a fresh start after the conflict. However, these rituals may also be exclusionary. Girls also establish informal support structures and peer-support networks to aid their post-conflict reintegration.

In the aftermath of conflict, many girls and boys lack skills beyond those acquired in fighting or surviving the conflict. Girls continue to be the least educated sector of the population in most developing countries.