Questions and Answers
What is the term for the bony structure that forms the head?
What type of connective tissue is found between bones and joints?
Cartilage
What is the protective structure that encases the thoracic organs?
Thoracic cage
What are the bones that form the lateral aspects of the rib cage?
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What is the term for the basin-shaped structure that supports the trunk of the body?
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What is the small bone located at the base of the spine?
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Which bone forms the forehead region of the skull?
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What is the name of the cranial bone that forms the top and sides of the skull?
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Which bone forms the back and base of the skull?
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What is the name of the bone that forms the upper jaw?
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What is the lower jawbone called?
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What is the name of the bone that connects the arm to the body?
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Which bone is commonly referred to as the shoulder blade?
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What is the bone in the center of the chest called?
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What is the largest bone in the upper arm?
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What is the name of the bone located on the inner side of the forearm?
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What is the bone on the outer side of the forearm?
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What bone forms the hip region?
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What is the triangular bone located at the base of the spine?
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What are the small bones of the wrist called?
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Which bones form the hand's structure after the carpals?
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What are the bones of the fingers and toes called?
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What is the term for the longest bone in the body, located in the thigh?
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What is the name of the kneecap bone?
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What is the name of the smaller bone located on the outer side of the lower leg?
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What is the larger bone located in the lower leg?
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What are the bones of the ankle called?
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What are the long bones of the foot called?
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What is the term for the complex structure formed by the shoulder blades, collarbones, and upper arm bones?
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Study Notes
Human Skeleton Overview
- The human skeleton consists of 206 bones, providing structure and support to the body.
- It is divided into two main parts: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
Skull
- Composed of 22 bones, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, maxillary, and mandible.
- Protects the brain and forms the structure of the face.
Cartilage
- A flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the skeleton.
- Provides cushioning at joints and forms structural components like the ears and nose.
Thoracic Cage
- Comprised of rib bones and the sternum.
- Protects vital organs like the heart and lungs.
Ribs
- There are 12 pairs of ribs, categorized as true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.
- Serve to protect the thoracic cavity and assist with breathing.
Pelvis
- A basin-shaped structure that supports the upper body and protects pelvic organs.
- Consists of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
Coccyx
- Also known as the tailbone, located at the end of the vertebral column.
- Formed by the fusion of four small vertebrae.
Frontal Bone
- The bone forming the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.
- Plays a crucial role in protecting the frontal lobe of the brain.
Parietal Bone
- Consists of two bones forming the sides and roof of the skull.
- Articulates with both the frontal and occipital bones.
Occipital Bone
- Located at the back of the skull, containing the foramen magnum.
- Provides support for the head and connection for the spinal cord.
Maxillary Bone
- The two bones forming the upper jaw and part of the orbits.
- Contains the maxillary sinus, aiding in voice resonance.
Mandible
- The lower jawbone, the only movable bone of the skull.
- Supports lower teeth and facilitates chewing.
Clavicle
- Also known as the collarbone; connects the arm to the body.
- Acts as a strut to stabilize the shoulder.
Scapula
- Commonly referred to as the shoulder blade.
- Connects the humerus with the clavicle and provides attachment for many muscles.
Sternum
- Also known as the breastbone; connects to the ribs via costal cartilage.
- Plays a role in protecting the heart and lungs.
Humerus
- The long bone of the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
- Involved in various movements of the arm.
Vertebral Column
- Consists of 33 vertebrae divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
- Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and the torso.
Ulna
- One of the two long bones in the forearm, located on the inner side.
- Forms the elbow joint with the humerus.
Radius
- The other long bone of the forearm, located on the outer side.
- Primarily responsible for the rotation of the wrist.
Hip Bone
- Also known as the coxal bone, forms part of the pelvis.
- Contains the ilium, ischium, and pubis structures.
Sacrum
- A triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column, formed by fusion of five vertebrae.
- Connects the spine to the hip bones.
Carpals
- The eight small bones forming the wrist.
- Enable a wide range of wrist and hand movements.
Metacarpals
- Five long bones in the hand, between the carpals and phalanges.
- Provide structure and support for the palm.
Phalanges
- The bones of the fingers and toes, with three in each finger/toe except the thumb/big toe, which has two.
- Allow flexibility and dexterity in hand and foot movements.
Femur
- The longest and strongest bone in the body, located in the thigh.
- Supports the weight of the body in standing and movement.
Patella
- Also known as the kneecap, a small bone that protects the knee joint.
- Increases the leverage of the quadriceps muscle.
Fibula
- The smaller of the two long bones in the lower leg, parallel to the tibia.
- Supports the muscles of the lower leg and ankle.
Tibia
- The larger, stronger bone in the lower leg, often referred to as the shinbone.
- Supports weight-bearing activities and connects to the knee joint.
Tarsals
- A group of seven bones forming the ankle.
- Provide stability and mobility to the foot.
Metatarsals
- The five long bones in the foot, between the tarsals and phalanges.
- Facilitate movement and balance while walking.
Shoulder Complex
- Comprises the clavicle, scapula, and humerus.
- Allows a wide range of motion and flexibility in the upper limb.
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