EQUINE Iatrogenic emergencies TO DO
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a possible complication of nasogastric intubation?

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hypertension
  • Inhalational pneumonia (correct)
  • Asthma

    • What does the term 'iatrogenic' mean?

  • Relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment (correct)
  • Relating to illness caused by genetic factors
  • Relating to illness caused by lifestyle choices
  • Relating to illness caused by environmental factors

    • Which of the following is a common complication of nasogastric intubation?

  • Oesophageal perforation
  • Haemorrhage (correct)
  • Inhalational pneumonia
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following is NOT a key tip for nasogastric intubation?

    <p>Forcing the tube if it gets stuck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before administering fluids through a nasogastric tube?

    <p>Ensure the tube is placed in the oesophagus / stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the nasogastric tube be passed along?

    <p>Ventral meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the recommended action if a horse experiences haemorrhage from the nasal passages?

    <p>Leave the horse quietly for 5 to 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the haemorrhage continues after 5 to 10 minutes?

    <p>Perform endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How common is it for the haemorrhage to continue after 5 to 10 minutes?

    <p>Uncommon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign of oesophageal perforation?

    <p>Blood on nasogastric tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended assessment for oesophageal perforation?

    <p>Endoscopic assessment and radiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for full-thickness oesophageal perforations?

    <p>Poor prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of nasogastric intubation?

    <p>Oesophageal perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a horse experiences haemorrhage from the nasal passages during nasogastric intubation?

    <p>Remove the nasogastric tube and assess the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the inadvertent passage of a nasogastric tube into the trachea?

    <p>Pulmonary oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for rectal tears during a rectal examination?

    <p>Colics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk factor for rectal tears during a rectal examination?

    <p>Using an ultrasound probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of rectal examination?

    <p>Rectal prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key tip for performing a rectal examination?

    <p>Push against the rectum if the horse strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering butylscopolamine during a rectal examination?

    <p>To facilitate the examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a rectal examination, what is the recommended action if the horse strains?

    <p>Never push against the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the initial action to take when a horse presents with rectal tears and blood on the rectal sleeve?

    <p>Inform the owner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering butylscopolamine during a rectal examination for a horse with rectal tears?

    <p>To reduce muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended procedure to determine the location and grade of rectal tears in a horse?

    <p>Perform a proctoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of rectal tears involves a tear into the mesocolon?

    <p>Grade 3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of rectal tears only involves the muscularis layer?

    <p>Grade 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of rectal tears involves all layers of the rectal wall?

    <p>Grade 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the recommended treatment for a grade 2 rectal tear in a horse?

    <p>Medical management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors determine the further assessment and treatment of rectal tears in horses?

    <p>Grade, location, and owner economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential management option for grade 3 and 4 rectal tears in horses?

    <p>No treatment necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for rectal tears in horses?

    <p>Packing of rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential concurrent problem in horses with rectal tears?

    <p>Colic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of rectal tears in horses?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for rectal tears that requires general anesthesia and a single surgery?

    <p>Placement of a rectal liner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the considerations for using temporary diverting colostomy as a treatment option for rectal tears?

    <p>May require 2 GAs, increased costs and complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option for rectal tears is difficult to access and requires single handed suturing with long handled instruments?

    <p>Direct suturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of iatrogenic injury or accident?

    <p>Adverse drug reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of perivascular injections?

    <p>Injection site abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of iatrogenic synovial sepsis?

    <p>Joint infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential injury that should be assessed and treated after freeing a horse?

    <p>Rectal tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential condition that should be assessed and treated after freeing a horse?

    <p>Acute haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation should be assessed and treated after freeing a horse?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract (URT) inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following injuries is NOT a consideration when dealing with stable fires?

    <p>Hypovolaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of hypovolaemia in the context of stable fires?

    <p>Burn shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can arise due to stable fires and require treatment?

    <p>Corneal ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the initial action to take when a horse presents with rectal tears and blood on the rectal sleeve?

    <p>Remove rugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering flunixin during the initial assessment of a horse with rectal tears?

    <p>To reduce pain and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may referral or euthanasia be needed for a horse with rectal tears?

    <p>If the horse's condition cannot be managed or treated effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate definition of TBSA in the context of burns?

    <p>The percentage of total body surface area affected by the burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of determining the depth of burns?

    <p>To identify the involvement of superficial layers of skin through to bone and fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule of 9's used for in the assessment of burns?

    <p>To calculate the percentage of total body surface area affected by the burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

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