EQUINE Iatrogenic emergencies TO DO
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a possible complication of nasogastric intubation?

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hypertension
  • Inhalational pneumonia (correct)
  • Asthma

What does the term 'iatrogenic' mean?

  • Relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment (correct)
  • Relating to illness caused by genetic factors
  • Relating to illness caused by lifestyle choices
  • Relating to illness caused by environmental factors

Which of the following is a common complication of nasogastric intubation?

  • Oesophageal perforation
  • Haemorrhage (correct)
  • Inhalational pneumonia
  • None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a key tip for nasogastric intubation?

<p>Forcing the tube if it gets stuck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before administering fluids through a nasogastric tube?

<p>Ensure the tube is placed in the oesophagus / stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the nasogastric tube be passed along?

<p>Ventral meatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the recommended action if a horse experiences haemorrhage from the nasal passages?

<p>Leave the horse quietly for 5 to 10 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the haemorrhage continues after 5 to 10 minutes?

<p>Perform endoscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How common is it for the haemorrhage to continue after 5 to 10 minutes?

<p>Uncommon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of oesophageal perforation?

<p>Blood on nasogastric tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended assessment for oesophageal perforation?

<p>Endoscopic assessment and radiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for full-thickness oesophageal perforations?

<p>Poor prognosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of nasogastric intubation?

<p>Oesophageal perforation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a horse experiences haemorrhage from the nasal passages during nasogastric intubation?

<p>Remove the nasogastric tube and assess the situation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the inadvertent passage of a nasogastric tube into the trachea?

<p>Pulmonary oedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for rectal tears during a rectal examination?

<p>Colics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk factor for rectal tears during a rectal examination?

<p>Using an ultrasound probe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of rectal examination?

<p>Rectal prolapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key tip for performing a rectal examination?

<p>Push against the rectum if the horse strains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering butylscopolamine during a rectal examination?

<p>To facilitate the examination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing a rectal examination, what is the recommended action if the horse strains?

<p>Never push against the rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the initial action to take when a horse presents with rectal tears and blood on the rectal sleeve?

<p>Inform the owner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering butylscopolamine during a rectal examination for a horse with rectal tears?

<p>To reduce muscle spasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure to determine the location and grade of rectal tears in a horse?

<p>Perform a proctoscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of rectal tears involves a tear into the mesocolon?

<p>Grade 3b (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of rectal tears only involves the muscularis layer?

<p>Grade 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of rectal tears involves all layers of the rectal wall?

<p>Grade 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the recommended treatment for a grade 2 rectal tear in a horse?

<p>Medical management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the further assessment and treatment of rectal tears in horses?

<p>Grade, location, and owner economics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential management option for grade 3 and 4 rectal tears in horses?

<p>No treatment necessary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for rectal tears in horses?

<p>Packing of rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential concurrent problem in horses with rectal tears?

<p>Colic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of rectal tears in horses?

<p>Infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for rectal tears that requires general anesthesia and a single surgery?

<p>Placement of a rectal liner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the considerations for using temporary diverting colostomy as a treatment option for rectal tears?

<p>May require 2 GAs, increased costs and complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option for rectal tears is difficult to access and requires single handed suturing with long handled instruments?

<p>Direct suturing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of iatrogenic injury or accident?

<p>Adverse drug reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of perivascular injections?

<p>Injection site abscess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of iatrogenic synovial sepsis?

<p>Joint infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential injury that should be assessed and treated after freeing a horse?

<p>Rectal tears (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential condition that should be assessed and treated after freeing a horse?

<p>Acute haemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation should be assessed and treated after freeing a horse?

<p>Upper respiratory tract (URT) inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following injuries is NOT a consideration when dealing with stable fires?

<p>Hypovolaemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of hypovolaemia in the context of stable fires?

<p>Burn shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can arise due to stable fires and require treatment?

<p>Corneal ulceration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the initial action to take when a horse presents with rectal tears and blood on the rectal sleeve?

<p>Remove rugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering flunixin during the initial assessment of a horse with rectal tears?

<p>To reduce pain and inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When may referral or euthanasia be needed for a horse with rectal tears?

<p>If the horse's condition cannot be managed or treated effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of TBSA in the context of burns?

<p>The percentage of total body surface area affected by the burns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of determining the depth of burns?

<p>To identify the involvement of superficial layers of skin through to bone and fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule of 9's used for in the assessment of burns?

<p>To calculate the percentage of total body surface area affected by the burns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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