Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characteristic distinguishes electrical synapses from chemical synapses?
What characteristic distinguishes electrical synapses from chemical synapses?
- Electrical synapses are bidirectional. (correct)
- Electrical synapses are unidirectional.
- Electrical synapses allow for slower transmission.
- Electrical synapses require neurotransmitters.
What occurs at the presynaptic membrane when an action potential reaches it at a chemical synapse?
What occurs at the presynaptic membrane when an action potential reaches it at a chemical synapse?
- Electrical potentials are transmitted to adjacent neurons.
- Neurotransmitters directly bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
- Calcium influx occurs, triggering exocytosis of vesicles. (correct)
- Vesicles fuse and release neurotransmitters into the bloodstream.
Which of the following neurotransmitter effects can lead to hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane?
Which of the following neurotransmitter effects can lead to hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane?
- Direct activation of voltage-gated sodium channels.
- Presence of Ca+ ions at the postsynaptic membrane.
- Release of excitatory neurotransmitter.
- Release of inhibitory neurotransmitter. (correct)
What is a key feature of the neuromuscular junction?
What is a key feature of the neuromuscular junction?
In what type of motor unit would you find small muscle fibers for fine motor control?
In what type of motor unit would you find small muscle fibers for fine motor control?
What happens to acetylcholine after its release into the synaptic cleft?
What happens to acetylcholine after its release into the synaptic cleft?
How is neurotransmitter release described at a chemical synapse?
How is neurotransmitter release described at a chemical synapse?
Which process allows neurotransmitters to cross the synaptic cleft?
Which process allows neurotransmitters to cross the synaptic cleft?
What do excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) primarily do to the postsynaptic cell?
What do excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) primarily do to the postsynaptic cell?
Which neurotransmitter is classified as inhibitory?
Which neurotransmitter is classified as inhibitory?
What type of summation occurs when two or more presynaptic inputs arrive simultaneously on the postsynaptic membrane?
What type of summation occurs when two or more presynaptic inputs arrive simultaneously on the postsynaptic membrane?
What is the primary function of facilitation in synaptic activity?
What is the primary function of facilitation in synaptic activity?
Which of the following channels are involved in generating EPSPs?
Which of the following channels are involved in generating EPSPs?
What is synaptic fatigue likely caused by?
What is synaptic fatigue likely caused by?
How can a substance be classified as a neurotransmitter?
How can a substance be classified as a neurotransmitter?
Temporal summation occurs when inputs arrive on the postsynaptic membrane in what manner?
Temporal summation occurs when inputs arrive on the postsynaptic membrane in what manner?
What effect does the influx of sodium and efflux of potassium ions have on the end plate potential?
What effect does the influx of sodium and efflux of potassium ions have on the end plate potential?
Which process occurs after acetylcholine binds to the nicotinic receptor?
Which process occurs after acetylcholine binds to the nicotinic receptor?
How many vesicles approximately are needed to reach the threshold depolarization of -50 mV?
How many vesicles approximately are needed to reach the threshold depolarization of -50 mV?
What is the primary role of acetylcholinesterase at the motor end plate?
What is the primary role of acetylcholinesterase at the motor end plate?
What is the effect of botulin toxin on skeletal muscle function?
What is the effect of botulin toxin on skeletal muscle function?
Which agent competes with acetylcholine for binding to nicotinic receptors?
Which agent competes with acetylcholine for binding to nicotinic receptors?
Neostigmine is primarily used to treat which condition related to acetylcholine?
Neostigmine is primarily used to treat which condition related to acetylcholine?
What is the primary effect of hemicholinium on acetylcholine?
What is the primary effect of hemicholinium on acetylcholine?
What is the precursor for the synthesis of norepinephrine?
What is the precursor for the synthesis of norepinephrine?
Which neurotransmitter is only found at the neuromuscular junction?
Which neurotransmitter is only found at the neuromuscular junction?
Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine on the postsynaptic membrane?
Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine on the postsynaptic membrane?
What kind of neurons primarily secrete epinephrine?
What kind of neurons primarily secrete epinephrine?
Which of the following is not a category of neurotransmitters listed?
Which of the following is not a category of neurotransmitters listed?
What are the enzymes that can independently degrade biogenic amines?
What are the enzymes that can independently degrade biogenic amines?
Which amino acid is a common neurotransmitter that functions as an inhibitory signal in the central nervous system?
Which amino acid is a common neurotransmitter that functions as an inhibitory signal in the central nervous system?
What is the final product of the degradation of norepinephrine?
What is the final product of the degradation of norepinephrine?
Which neurotransmitter is produced from tryptophan?
Which neurotransmitter is produced from tryptophan?
What is the role of monoamine oxidase in relation to serotonin?
What is the role of monoamine oxidase in relation to serotonin?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with excitatory functions in the central nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with excitatory functions in the central nervous system?
What is the effect of glycine as a neurotransmitter?
What is the effect of glycine as a neurotransmitter?
How is GABA synthesized in the brain?
How is GABA synthesized in the brain?
Which of the following statements about nitric oxide (NO) is true?
Which of the following statements about nitric oxide (NO) is true?
Which type of receptors does GABAa represent?
Which type of receptors does GABAa represent?
Which neurotransmitter is NOT generated from an amino acid?
Which neurotransmitter is NOT generated from an amino acid?
