Untitled Quiz
65 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the three main functions of the kidney?

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

What does the renal hilus serve as?

Entry and exit point for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the kidney's supportive tissue?

  • Perirenal fat capsule
  • Renal fascia
  • Renal medulla (correct)
  • Renal capsule

    • The renal capsule is responsible for cushioning the kidney and attaching it to the body wall.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the glomerulus located in the kidney?

    <p>In the renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Renal columns are inward extensions of the renal pelvis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure collects urine from the papillae and empties it into the pelvis?

    <p>Minor and major calyces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nephron?

    <p>Filtering blood and forming urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortical nephrons are primarily responsible for urine concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys filter body's entire plasma volume?

    <p>Glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component that is NOT present in the glomerular filtrate?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of urine formation?

    <p>Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glomerular filtration is primarily responsible for removing keepers from filtrate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of capillaries involved in glomerular filtration?

    <p>Afferent and efferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Afferent arterioles have a larger diameter than efferent arterioles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glomerular epithelium is impermeable to proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force responsible for filtrate formation?

    <p>Net filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Blood pressure in the renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main mechanisms that regulate GFR?

    <p>Renal autoregulation, tubuloglomerular feedback, and neural controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myogenic control is an example of tubuloglomerular feedback.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macula densa cells are responsible for releasing vasoconstricting chemicals when NaCl concentration in the filtrate is high.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of neural controls that affect GFR?

    <p>Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Bowman's capsule?

    <p>To surround the glomerulus and capture the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The filtration membrane is composed of three distinct layers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Regulating blood pressure and filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    JG Cells are responsible for releasing renin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Collecting duct cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peritubular capillaries?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tubular reabsorption primarily occurs in the PCT.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of substances reabsorbed in the renal tubules?

    <p>Ions, organic nutrients, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules is always passive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for producing concentrated urine?

    <p>The action of ADH on the collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The descending loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thick segment of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the DCT located?

    <p>In the renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DCT primarily focuses on reabsorption.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key hormone that regulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for increasing water permeability in collecting ducts?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aldosterone?

    <p>To promote sodium reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) opposes aldosterone by decreasing sodium reabsorption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the descending loop of Henle in urine concentration?

    <p>Removing water from the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ascending loop of Henle is primarily responsible for reabsorbing Na+ and Cl-.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the collecting duct?

    <p>Reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tubular secretion primarily involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic nervous system stimulates vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles, increasing blood flow to the kidneys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the renin-angiotensin system in regulating blood pressure?

    <p>Increasing blood pressure by stimulating vasoconstriction and sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main openings of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Two ureters and the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trigone is a triangular region within the bladder, prone to urinary tract infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle responsible for compressing the bladder?

    <p>Detrusor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the male urethra?

    <p>Collecting duct urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal urethral sphincter is controlled voluntarily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The development of 3 sets of kidneys is a normal part of fetal development but only one set persists.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urinary tract infections are more commonly caused by E. coli.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a horseshoe kidney?

    <p>A congenital condition where the kidneys are fused together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypospadias?

    <p>A condition characterized by an abnormal opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polycystic kidney disease is characterized by the abnormal development of collecting ducts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diuretic increases urine output by blocking the action of ADH?

    <p>ADH inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aging can lead to a decrease in kidney size and blood flow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the countercurrent mechanism?

    <p>The interaction between filtrate flow through the loop of Henle and blood flow through the vasa recta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The descending loop of Henle is permeable to both solutes and water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thick segment of the loop of Henle is permeable to both solutes and water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which urine is concentrated in the kidneys?

    <p>The countercurrent mechanism involving the loop of Henle and vasa recta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urinary System

    • Primary functions of the kidney: filtration, reabsorption, secretion
    • Primary renal function details:
      • Filters 200 liters of blood per day
      • Removes toxins, metabolic waste, and excess ions
      • Regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
      • Maintains proper water, salt, acid-base balance in the body
      • Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting
      • Production of renin (regulates blood pressure)
      • Production of erythropoietin (stimulates RBC formation)
      • Activates vitamin D
    • Kidney location and structure: retroperitoneal, located behind the abdominal lining; renal hilus is the entry/exit point for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
    • Kidney layers:
      • Renal capsule: fibrous capsule that prevents infection
      • Adipose capsule: fatty mass that cushions the kidney and attaches to the body wall
      • Renal fascia outer layer of dense fibrous tissue anchors the kidney
    • Kidney internal anatomy:
      • Renal cortex: light colored, granular region containing glomeruli.
      • Renal medulla: contains pyramids (bundles of collecting tubules) and renal columns.
      • Renal pelvis: collects urine from papillae (bases of pyramids), emptying into the pelvis, then into the ureters
      • Minor and major calyces: collect urine from papillae
    • Nephron Structure and Function:
      • Cortical nephrons: located primarily in the renal cortex; handle most of the kidney's filtering work
      • Juxtamedullary nephrons: located near the cortex-medulla junction, with long loops extending deep into the medulla. They concentrate urine by reabsorbing water.
      • Glomerulus: network of capillaries within Bowman's capsule
      • Bowman's capsule: cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus
      • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): reabsorbs ions, water, and nutrients, and removes toxins.
      • Loop of Henle: crucial for urine concentration. The descending loop is permeable to water, while the ascending limb is permeable to salts
      • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): selectively secretes and absorbs ions; involved in blood pH and electrolyte balance
      • Collecting duct: absorbs solutes and water from the filtrate
    • Mechanism of urine formation: occurs in both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons, filtering the body's entire plasma volume daily.

    Urine Formation

    • Filtration (glomerular filtration): high glomerular hydrostatic pressure forces water and small solutes into Bowman's capsule (no blood cells or large proteins).
    • Reabsorption (tubular reabsorption): desirable substances (ions, nutrients, water) are actively or passively reabsorbed back into blood from filtrate.
    • Tubular secretion (tubular secretion): substances (wastes, excess ions) are actively transported from the blood into the filtrate.
    • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): total volume of filtrate formed per minute; tightly regulated by mechanisms.

    Urine Transport and Storage

    • Ureters: tubes that transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.
    • Urinary bladder: temporary storage reservoir for urine
    • Urethra: tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body
    • Urinary bladder pressure: increased pressure causes distal ends of ureters to close, preventing backflow
    • Ureter characteristics: trilayered wall; transitional epithelium (stretch); and smooth muscle layer for propulsion

    General Information

    • Regulation of urine production: ADH, aldosterone, and other hormones regulate the amount of water and solutes reabsorbed in the tubules.
    • Kidney functions: maintaining blood pressure, electrolyte balance, removal of metabolic waste from the blood.
    • Water reabsorption: crucial process regulated by hormones and controlled by factors like body fluids and blood pressure

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 26: Urinary System PDF

    More Like This

    Untitled Quiz
    55 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    StatuesquePrimrose avatar
    StatuesquePrimrose
    Untitled Quiz
    18 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    RighteousIguana avatar
    RighteousIguana
    Untitled Quiz
    50 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    JoyousSulfur avatar
    JoyousSulfur
    Untitled Quiz
    48 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    StraightforwardStatueOfLiberty avatar
    StraightforwardStatueOfLiberty
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser