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Questions and Answers

What is the role of computer organization and architecture in the design of computer systems?

Computer organization and architecture are used to design computer systems.

What attributes of a computer system are considered part of computer architecture?

Computer architecture encompasses attributes visible to the user, such as addressing techniques, instruction sets, and data representation.

What is the primary focus of computer organization?

Computer organization focuses on the physical structure and operational units of a system, along with their interconnections, to implement the architectural specifications.

Computer architecture dictates how a system is physically implemented.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a computer?

<p>A computer is an electronic device that processes and stores information, performs calculations, manipulates data, and executes instructions to accomplish specific tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered basic components of a computer?

<p>Storage (A), Output Devices (B), CPU (C), Input Devices (D), Peripheral Devices (E), Memory (RAM) (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the CPU often referred to as the brain of a computer?

<p>The CPU, or central processing unit, performs most of the processing and calculations necessary for a computer to function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RAM in a computer system?

<p>RAM, or random access memory, is the temporary memory that stores data and instructions while the computer is running.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of storage devices in a computer system?

<p>Storage devices provide long-term memory for data and programs, preserving them even when the computer is turned off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of input and output devices in a computer system.

<p>Input devices like keyboards and mice allow users to enter data and commands into the computer, while output devices, such as monitors and printers, display the results of the computer's processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are peripheral devices and what is their purpose?

<p>Peripheral devices are optional components that can be added to a computer to enhance its functionality, such as USB drives, external hard drives, and specialized input or output devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computers can only execute tasks based on instructions provided to them by humans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main hardware components of a computer?

<p>A computer's hardware typically consists of the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the CPU in the processing of tasks.

<p>The CPU, or central processing unit, acts as the brain of the computer, performing the bulk of the processing tasks, executing instructions, and controlling data flow within the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for computer memory, and what is its main function?

<p>Computer memory is also known as RAM (random access memory). Its main function is to temporarily store data and instructions while the computer is running.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of input/output devices?

<p>Input/output devices allow users to interact with the computer by providing input, such as keyboard entries or mouse clicks, and receiving output, such as visual information on a monitor or printed documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of storage devices in a computer system?

<p>Storage devices store data and programs permanently on the computer, ensuring that information is preserved even when the system is powered off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of software that computers can run?

<p>Computers can run various types of software including operating systems, applications, and games.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computers lack the ability to connect to the internet.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of computers in modern life?

<p>Computers have become incredibly versatile machines that are an integral part of modern life, used for a wide range of purposes, including work, entertainment, education, and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computers have a brain similar to humans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are computers instructed to perform tasks?

<p>Computers require detailed instructions on what to do in specific situations. We must provide them information about the data, processing methods, and storage locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language do humans generally understand?

<p>Humans primarily understand language composed of words, which are further constructed from letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computers understand the same language as humans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language do computers understand, and what are its characteristics?

<p>Computers understand binary language, which is characterized by using only two digits, 0 and 1, or states like true/false or on/off. Transistors are used to store these binary values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transistors in computer systems?

<p>Transistors are tiny electronic switches that are used to store the two binary states (0 and 1) or the on and off states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the state of a transistor determined?

<p>A transistor is considered “on” when a small electric current passes through it, representing a value of 1. When there is no current, it is considered “off” and represents a value of 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of transistors in memory chips.

<p>Memory chips contain billions of transistors, each of which can be switched on or off individually, allowing for storage of millions of different values using combinations of 0s and 1s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are numbers and letters represented in binary code?

<p>Numbers and letters are represented using unique combinations of 0s and 1s, forming a whole new language. For example, the letter 'a' is represented as 01100001.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ASCII code?

<p>ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) provides a standard code that computers use to represent characters (letters, numbers, and symbols) using 8 bits (a byte) for each character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bits are used to represent one character in ASCII code?

<p>ASCII uses 8 bits, also known as a byte, to represent a single character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of having a standard code like ASCII for characters?

<p>A standard code is crucial for ensuring that computers from different manufacturers can understand and communicate the same data, regardless of their specific design. It helps ensure interoperability between systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

ASCII code can represent all existing character sets, including languages like Chinese and Arabic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What code is used to address the limitations of ASCII for representing characters in various languages?

<p>Unicode is an alternative code that uses 2 bytes for each character, allowing for 65,536 distinct symbols, which is sufficient to represent a broad range of languages, including those with complex character sets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Unicode has no drawbacks compared to ASCII.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a word in the context of computer processing?

<p>In computer processing, a word refers to the number of bits that are manipulated as a unit by the computer's central processing unit (CPU).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the word size affect a computer's performance?

<p>Larger word sizes generally imply faster and more flexible processing, as more data can be handled at once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common word size for CPUs today?

<p>Most CPUs today utilize a word size of either 32 bits or 64 bits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key differences between a bit, a byte, and a word in computer systems?

<p>A bit is the smallest unit of information, representing a 0 or 1. A byte is a sequence of 8 bits, representing a character. A word is a group of bits that the CPU manipulates as one unit, with varying sizes depending on the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a 64-bit processor over a 32-bit processor?

<p>64-bit processors have a larger word size, enabling them to process more data at once, leading to improved performance and the ability to handle larger memory sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is data transferred between memory and the CPU?

<p>Data is transferred between memory and the CPU in chunks of the CPU's word size, ensuring efficient and optimized data movement within the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having a standard for character representation?

<p>A standard code, like ASCII, ensures that data can be exchanged between different computer systems without misinterpretation or ambiguity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary categories of data in computer systems?

<p>Computer data is generally categorized into text/numbers, sound/voice, and video/moving pictures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are different forms of data represented in computer systems?

<p>Regardless of the form, data is converted into an equivalent string of zeros and ones (binary code) for storage, processing, and transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are integers represented in binary form?

<p>Integers are represented by converting their decimal values into their equivalent binary representations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are characters represented in binary form?

<p>A designated byte (8 bits) is assigned to each character, determining the unique binary representation of that character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of typing a character on a keyboard and its representation in a computer system.

<p>When a character is typed, the keyboard's circuitry, along with the computer's circuitry, converts the character into its corresponding ASCII code, which is then stored as a byte in the computer's memory for processing and display.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the practical significance of representing data as bits in computer systems?

<p>The representation of data as bits simplifies data storage, processing, and transmission within a computer system, as it provides a consistent and uniform framework for manipulating information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are amounts of computer memory and storage typically expressed in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes?

<p>A byte represents a small amount of information, so larger units like kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are used to express larger amounts of memory or storage more conveniently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bits, bytes, and characters?

<p>8 bits make up 1 byte which is typically used to represent 1 character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computer Architecture

The visible attributes of a computer system, including addressing techniques, instruction sets, and data bits, impacting program logic execution.

Computer Organization

The internal structure of a computer system, detailing the operational units and interconnections required to implement architectural specifications.

CPU

Central Processing Unit – the brain of the computer, performing most processing and calculations.

RAM

Random Access Memory - temporary memory storing data and instructions while the computer runs.

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Storage

Long-term memory where data is kept even when the computer is off; often hard drive or solid-state.

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Input Devices

Components allowing users to input data or commands into a computer, like keyboard and mouse.

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Output Devices

Components that display the results of computer processing, including monitors and printers.

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Binary Language

A language consisting of 0s and 1s; essential for computer communication. This also related to two states "True/False".

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Transistor

A tiny electronic component that stores 0 or 1 values by being either on or off, representing bits in computer memory.

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Computer

An electronic device that performs tasks by executing instructions provided to it.

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Study Notes

Computer Organization and Architecture

  • Computer Organization and Architecture are used to design computer systems.
  • Computer Architecture is the attributes of a system, visible to the user, like addressing techniques, instruction sets, and bits for data. It impacts program execution logic. It defines the system abstractly, focusing on what the system does.
  • Computer Organization describes the way the system structures its operational units, interconnections to achieve architectural specifications. It details how to implement the system.

Introduction to Computers

  • Computers are electronic devices that process and store information.
  • They perform calculations, manipulate data, and execute instructions to complete tasks.
  • Basic computer components include: CPU (central processing unit), memory (RAM), storage (hard drive/SSD), input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), and peripheral devices (USB drives, external hard drives).
  • The CPU is the "brain" performing most processing and calculations.
  • RAM is temporary memory storing data and instructions while the computer is running.
  • Storage devices store data permanently even when off.
  • Input devices allow data/command input, and output devices display results.
  • Peripheral devices enhance functionality.

Binary Representation

  • Computers use binary language (0s and 1s).
  • Transistors are tiny devices storing values (1 or 0, on or off).
  • Current flow in a transistor dictates its value (1 = on, 0 = off)
  • These binary values are the fundamental building blocks of computer data.
  • This binary data allows representing numbers and characters
  • Characters are represented by ASCII code (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) which uses 8-bits (1 byte).
  • Examples of ASCII code conversions:
    • 1 as 1
    • 2 as 10
    • A as 01000001...

Data Storage Measurement

  • Data storage is measured in different units:
    • 8 bits = 1 byte
    • 1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
    • 1024 KB = 1 Megabyte (MB)
    • 1024 MB = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
    • 1024 GB = 1 Terabyte (TB) and so on.

Data Representation in Computers

  • All data types like text, numbers, and video are internally stored using binary code.
  • Various codes (typically ASCII) represent characters, and specific calculations are used for integers and other data.
  • Computers use standardized codes to ensure consistency in representation across different systems and applications.

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