8th Grade Science: Experiment Design and Analysis

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Questions and Answers

Which statement about the first rock is true?

It is younger than the second rock. (correct)

It is a metamorphic rock.

It is older than the second rock.

It is harder than the second rock.

What happens along a convergent boundary between an oceanic plate and a continental plate?

The continental plate is subducted beneath the oceanic plate.

The two plates pull away causing earthquakes to occur in the middle of the ocean.

The two plates push against each other, producing a fault-block mountain.

The oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate. (correct)

What event is being described when plates get stuck and then release a large amount of energy?

an erupting volcano

a tsunami

a storm surge

an earthquake (correct)

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is most responsible for Hector getting a sunburn?

ultraviolet radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which color of visible light has the longest wavelength?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What type of boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other?

Transform Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason for the difference in growth of Maria's and Lauren's rose bushes?

Maria's plant received more sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

What should Maria and Lauren have done to ensure their methods were similar?

Controlled other variables such as how much sunlight the plants got. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the difference in water temperature recorded by Javier and Jessica?

Javier recorded degrees Fahrenheit, Jessica recorded degrees Celsius. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the hydrosphere and atmosphere interacting?

Ocean currents influence weather patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Maria and Lauren's experiment?

To learn how fast a rose bush grows. Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible variable that Maria and Lauren did not control?

Amount of sunlight the plants received. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the adaptation of the birds in the Galápagos Islands?

To eat a particular type of food Signup and view all the answers

Where are chromosomes and genes found in eukaryotic cells?

In the cell’s nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the genetic information of a new organism and its parents in sexual reproduction?

It is a combination of both parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of genes in an organism?

To specify its traits Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that explains how organisms adapt to their environment?

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the deer population in the mountains?

It will never adapt to the new environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a rainbow appears after a rainstorm?

The light waves are refracted by moisture in the air and separated into colors Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the light that strikes a wall?

It is absorbed by the wall Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the light energy in the chemical reaction that occurs in a plant?

It is converted into chemical energy stored in the sugar Signup and view all the answers

Why can we see our image in a mirror but not on a wall?

Because not all of the light that reflects off of a wall is directed towards our eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using rechargeable batteries in Katrina’s camera?

They are more environmentally friendly Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the process that occurs in a rainbow?

The light waves are refracted by moisture in the air, then separated into colors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of krill in the arctic marine food web?

primary consumer Signup and view all the answers

Which method would allow Caleb to best investigate the effect of salt on the boiling point of water?

Add 1 gram of salt to 1 liter of water and leave a second liter free of salt; time how long it takes for each to boil. Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded from Juan's experiment on ants' food preferences?

The results support Juan's hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the scale from 1 to 10 in the study on reactions to the new medication?

To track the severity of reactions to the medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the control group in the study on reactions to the new medication?

The group of people who did not take the medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the independent variable in Juan's experiment on ants' food preferences?

The type of food presented to the ants Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Plate Tectonics

Convergent boundary: When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate subducts (sinks) beneath the continental plate. This process can lead to volcanic activity and the formation of mountain ranges.
Earthquakes: When plates get stuck and then release a large amount of energy, an earthquake occurs.
Sunburn: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is responsible for sunburn.

Properties of Light

Longest wavelength: Red light has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum.

Types of Plate Boundaries

Transform boundary: This type of boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other horizontally.

Causes of Variation

Rose bush growth: The difference in growth of Maria and Lauren's rose bushes could be caused by factors like differences in soil quality, sunlight exposure, or watering frequency.
Water temperature: The difference in water temperature recorded by Javier and Jessica could be due to variations in the location of their measurements, the time of day, or the depth of the water.

Interactions in the Environment

Hydrosphere and atmosphere: One example of the hydrosphere and atmosphere interacting is the process of evaporation, where water changes from a liquid to a gas.

Scientific Investigation

Maria and Lauren's experiment: The purpose of their experiment is likely to investigate the effect of a specific variable (like light exposure or water amount) on plant growth.
Uncontrolled variable: A possible variable they did not control could be the type of soil used for each plant.

Evolution and Adaptation

Galápagos birds: The adaptation of birds in the Galápagos Islands is primarily driven by natural selection. Birds with traits better suited to their specific environments are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those advantageous traits to their offspring.

Genetics and Inheritance

Chromosomes and genes: Chromosomes and genes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Sexual reproduction: In sexual reproduction, a new organism inherits half of its genetic information from each parent.
Role of genes: Genes play a primary role in determining an organism's traits and characteristics.
Theory of evolution: The theory of evolution by natural selection explains how organisms adapt to their environment over time.

Observing Natural Phenomena

Deer population: The presence of deer tracks in the mountains suggests that there is a population of deer living in that area.
Rainbow: A rainbow appears after a rainstorm because sunlight is refracted and reflected by water droplets in the atmosphere.

Interaction of Light with Matter

Light on a wall: When light strikes a wall, some of it is absorbed, and some is reflected. This is why we see the color of the wall.
Light in photosynthesis: In the chemical reaction of photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars.
Seeing our image in a mirror: We can see our image in a mirror because the smooth surface of the mirror reflects light rays, causing them to converge and create an image.

Energy and Technology

Rechargeable batteries: Using rechargeable batteries in Katrina’s camera reduces the need for disposable batteries, lessening environmental impact.

Process of a Rainbow

Rainbow formation: The correct order of the process that occurs in a rainbow is: sunlight enters water droplets, light is refracted and reflected, and separated colors are visible.

Food Webs

Krill in the arctic marine food web: Krill are an essential part of the arctic marine food web because they serve as a primary food source for many animals, including whales, seals, and seabirds.

Scientific Methods

Salt's effect on boiling point: Caleb can best investigate the effect of salt on the boiling point of water by conducting a controlled experiment, carefully measuring the boiling point of water with varying amounts of salt added.

Analyzing Experimental Data

Ants' food preferences: Juan's experiment likely showed that ants have preferences for certain types of food, and the data can help determine which food is most attractive to them.
Medication reaction study: The scale from 1 to 10 in the study on reactions to the new medication is used to measure the severity of side effects experienced by participants.
Control group in medication study: The control group in the medication study would be the group that does not receive the new medication. They serve as a baseline for comparison.
Independent variable in Juan's experiment: The independent variable in Juan's experiment on ants' food preferences is the type of food offered to the ants.

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Description

Test your understanding of scientific experiments and data analysis with this quiz. Learn how to identify flaws in experimental design and improve methods for more accurate results.