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Questions and Answers

Which disorders are commonly associated with a smaller hippocampus?

Anxiety Disorders (correct)

Bipolar Disorder

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (correct)

What role does the amygdala play in emotional memories?

It enhances memory formation for emotional experiences. (correct)

It stores long-term non-emotional memories.

It inhibits emotional response during memory recall.

It regulates language processing.

Which characteristic is essential in defining language as a distinguishing factor between humans and other animals?

It can be based solely on gestures.

It requires the ability to sing.

It does not allow for contextual variations.

It must utilize complex syntax and symbolism. (correct)

What is displacement in the context of language?

The ability to discuss hypothetical or future events. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors may influence gender differences in language use?

Social context and cultural norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the James-Lange Theory of emotion?

Emotions result from physiological reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the Canon-Bard Theory of emotions?

Emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential weaknesses of self-reporting emotional experiences?

It can be influenced by social desirability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Schachter-Singer Theory of emotion?

Emotions are determined by physical reactions and cognitive appraisals. Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological response is NOT commonly used to infer emotions?

Familial background. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of saying 'cognition and emotion are intertwined'?

Emotional experiences can shape cognitive processes. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes physiological measures of emotion from behavioral observations?

Physiological measures provide objective data. Signup and view all the answers

What are the emotions primarily associated with left hemisphere functioning?

Positive emotions like laughter and indifference Signup and view all the answers

What does leptin primarily influence in the body?

Regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is referred to as the 'love hormone' and promotes lactation?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of reduced oxytocin levels in rat mothers?

Neglect of their pups Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of serotonin in relation to emotions?

To regulate aggression and depression Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the right hemisphere's function regarding emotions?

It is known as the 'emotional hemisphere' due to its association with negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

What does the Wada test measure?

Emotions and their lateralization in the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is associated with regulating trust, especially in intimate relationships?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is primarily stored in the cerebellum?

Procedural memory Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biopsychology Review for Final Exam

The final exam is cumulative, reviewing previous material and connections between concepts.
The review covers how knowledge progresses from studying single cells to structures, systems, and ultimately behavior, emphasizing their interconnectedness.

Fat Cells & Leptin

Leptin is a hormone.
Leptin's function is important.
Factors determining leptin levels in the body are not specified.

Emotions

There is debate on whether emotions are behaviors or feelings.
Three methods for inferring emotions: physiology, behavior/expressions, and reported internal experience.
Each method has strengths and weaknesses in measuring emotions.
Physiology can reveal emotions, but not every emotion has a unique physiological response.
Lie detector tests analyze physiological responses to detect deception.
Facial expressions are not necessarily culturally dependent (innate).
Facial expressions can help recognize associated emotions.
Self-reported emotions have significant limitations.
Measuring emotions accurately is complex.

History of Emotion Study

James-Lange Theory suggests emotions are a result of behavior.
Canon-Bard Theory suggests emotions and behavior occur simultaneously.
The theory details emotion paths.
Arousal and thoughts are interconnected.
Schachter-Singer Theory proposes emotions are a combination of physical reactions and interpretations.
Current emotion theories combine cognitive and physiological aspects.
Different species may express emotions differently.
The limbic system's role in emotions is interconnected with the cortex, not all species have the same structure.

Gender and Emotions

Three gender differences in emotion expression and perception:
- Girls are better at reading facial expressions.
- Girls react with sadness to emotionless faces.
- Girls can perceive emotions in voices better than boys (except for anger).