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Questions and Answers

Which type of microorganism exclusively requires the absence of oxygen for growth?

  • Aerotolerant organisms
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Obligate anaerobes (correct)
  • Microaerophiles
  • Which medium would best support the growth of Corynebacterium diphtheria?

  • Lowenstein-Jensen Medium
  • Bordet-Gengou Medium
  • Loeffler’s Serum Medium, Tellurite (correct)
  • Thiosulfate citrate bile salts medium
  • What type of hemolysis is characterized by green coloration on blood agar?

  • Non-hemolytic
  • γ-hemolytic
  • α-hemolytic (correct)
  • β-hemolytic
  • Which medium is primarily used for the cultivation of Enterobacteriaceae?

    <p>MacConkey agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of microaerophiles?

    <p>Grow optimally in reduced oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these bacteria is known to be an obligate anaerobe?

    <p>Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical appearance of lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar?

    <p>Pink colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genera is classified as a microaerophile?

    <p>Helicobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae?

    <p>Atypical pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presenting feature of congenital syphilis?

    <p>Hutchinson’s triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is associated with parrot fever and presents as psittacosis?

    <p>Chlamydia psittaci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae according to recent studies?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for Chlamydia psittaci infections?

    <p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important transmission method for Legionella pneumophila?

    <p>Droplet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a systemic manifestation seen in tertiary syphilis?

    <p>Gumma formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of flaccid paralysis in infants due to botulism?

    <p>Ingestion of spores from infected honey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of leptospirosis infection?

    <p>Silent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following preventative measures is recommended to avoid botulism?

    <p>Heating canned goods at 100°C for 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is noted for its ability to form spores and cause botulism?

    <p>Clostridium botulinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adults, botulism can lead to respiratory muscle paralysis. What is the primary symptom that is commonly observed?

    <p>Flaccid paralysis and difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Bacillus is true?

    <p>Bacillus cereus can cause food poisoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does the cell membrane serve for bacteria?

    <p>Acts as a selective barrier for solutes and energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which locomotion organelle is not found in atrichous bacteria?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of microbial growth does the rate of replication equal the rate of death?

    <p>Stationary Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fimbriae in bacterial cells?

    <p>Attachment to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a reason for microbial death?

    <p>Accumulation of toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacterial flagellation is characterized by one flagellum at one end?

    <p>Monotrichous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the log phase of microbial growth is false?

    <p>Cell size decreases significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in bacteria is responsible for DNA storage?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with widespread thrombosis and may lead to bleeding?

    <p>Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment options are effective for Listeria infections?

    <p>Penicillin and Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae?

    <p>Capsule type b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with early onset human listeriosis?

    <p>Stillbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is classified as Gram-negative cocobacilli?

    <p>Brucella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of meningitis in neonates?

    <p>Group B Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which conditions does Haemophilus influenzae require special nutrient requirements?

    <p>Growth in chocolate agar plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common presentation of community-acquired pneumonia from Haemophilus influenzae?

    <p>Bacteremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathogens can survive in low pH and refrigerator temperatures?

    <p>Listeria monocytogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Salmonella and Proteus?

    <p>Both are H2S producing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily associated with transplacental transmission?

    <p>Chaga’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common acute symptom of Chaga's disease?

    <p>Chills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms is responsible for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

    <p>L.braziliensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is considered the drug of choice for managing congenital infections in Chaga’s disease?

    <p>Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant chronic manifestation of Chaga's disease?

    <p>Myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is utilized in the early acute stage of Chaga's disease?

    <p>Thick and thin blood films</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of leishmaniasis mentioned?

    <p>Intestinal leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is associated with Brazilian Chaga's disease?

    <p>Megaesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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