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Questions and Answers

Which pioneering program was designed to mimic human problem-solving processes?

  • XCON
  • General Problem Solver (correct)
  • MYCIN
  • Perceptron

What marked the beginning of the commercialization of AI technologies?

  • Expert Systems (correct)
  • Machine Learning
  • Neural Networks
  • AI Winter

Which of the following figures is NOT associated with the early development of AI?

  • Bill Gates (correct)
  • Marvin Minsky
  • Frank Rosenblatt
  • Alan Turing

What hindered the progress of AI during the AI Winter?

<p>Unmet expectations and limitations in computing power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neural network model was developed by Frank Rosenblatt in 1957?

<p>Perceptron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the publication 'Perceptrons' by Minsky and Papert have on neural network research?

<p>Highlighted the limitations and stalled research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The convergence of ideas from which fields contributed significantly to the early development of AI?

<p>Mathematics, Engineering, Psychology, Computer Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did AI begin to recover after the AI Winter?

<p>Mid-1990s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key capability of OpenAI's ChatGPT?

<p>Engaging in coherent conversations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advancement is associated with Google Assistant?

<p>Enhanced contextual understanding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Boston Dynamics' Spot robot?

<p>Inspection and data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which robot is designed for human interaction and recognizes emotions?

<p>Pepper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes AlphaZero's approach to mastering games?

<p>Playing against itself using reinforcement learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which capability is a feature of OpenAI Five in Dota 2?

<p>Coordinating actions with other agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable achievement of Google's AlphaStar in StarCraft II?

<p>Building units and managing resources at a professional level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the primary function of SoftBank Robotics' Pepper?

<p>Customer service and social interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensors in intelligent agents?

<p>To gather information from the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which learning method focuses on discovering patterns in unlabeled data?

<p>Unsupervised Learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does an inference engine play in intelligent agents?

<p>Derives new information from the knowledge base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a knowledge representation in intelligent agents?

<p>To provide a structured way to store information and rules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the function of actuators in intelligent agents?

<p>They allow the agent to perform actions in the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning technique applies knowledge from specific rules to broader contexts?

<p>Heuristic-based reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dynamic updating' in a world model refer to?

<p>The continuous adjustment of understanding based on new data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of reinforcement learning as a learning algorithm?

<p>Learning by receiving feedback through rewards and penalties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of agents in market systems?

<p>To make decisions based on market conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of software is specifically designed for simulating dynamic systems?

<p>MATLAB/Simulink (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do agents adapt their behavior in response to environmental changes?

<p>By learning from experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of environmental modeling software?

<p>SWMM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program is known for creating high-fidelity graphics in simulations?

<p>Unreal Engine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does feedback play in the interactions of agents with their environment?

<p>It helps update knowledge and decision-making processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes resource management environments?

<p>Environments that optimize the allocation of resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of program does 'AnyLogic' refer to?

<p>Simulation software for dynamic systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the initial state represent when formulating a problem in AI?

<p>The starting point or arrangement in the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the goal state in AI problem formulation?

<p>The final desired outcome after solving the problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of specifying actions in the problem formulation process?

<p>To identify the conditions under which actions can be applied (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the state transition model contribute to problem formulation in AI?

<p>It describes the rules by which states change with actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the path cost function play in AI problem formulation?

<p>It assigns costs to each transition for optimization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of search problems, what is meant by the state space?

<p>All possible states reachable from the initial state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in formulating a problem in AI?

<p>Define the problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which search strategy is adopted when a search algorithm has no specific information about the problem domain?

<p>Uninformed search (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Greedy Best-First Search can lead it to not always find the optimal solution?

<p>It relies solely on a heuristic estimate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which optimization technique mimics natural selection through creating and combining populations of solutions?

<p>Genetic Algorithms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of Hill Climbing?

<p>It may get stuck in local maxima. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which algorithm finds the optimal move in chess by evaluating the game tree?

<p>Minimax with Alpha-Beta Pruning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does backtracking accomplish in Constraint Satisfaction Problems?

<p>It systematically explores and revises solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of constraint propagation in CSPs?

<p>To reduce the search space by enforcing constraints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pathfinding using the A* algorithm, what heuristic is commonly used to guide the search?

<p>Manhattan distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of simulated annealing in optimization problems?

<p>It gradually reduces randomness over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Early AI programs

Early AI programs, like the General Problem Solver, aimed to mimic human problem-solving processes.

Perceptron

An early neural network model developed by Frank Rosenblatt.

AI Winter

A period of reduced funding and interest in AI due to unmet expectations and technological limitations.

Expert Systems

AI systems that used knowledge-based approaches to solve specific problems, like medical diagnosis.

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General Problem Solver

A pioneering AI program developed by Newell and Simon that tried to simulate human problem-solving processes.

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Neural Networks

Models inspired by the human brain aiming to reproduce human learning abilities.

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AI as an Industry

AI's transition from a research field to a commercial and widely applied industry.

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Machine Learning/Data Mining

New technologies that showed promise in AI development, helping AI overcome limitations.

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Virtual Assistants

Software programs that perform tasks by understanding and responding to human speech.

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ChatGPT

AI model that creates human-like text and engages in conversations.

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Robotics-Spot

Quadruped robot for inspection and data collection.

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AlphaZero

AI that plays games by learning through games against itself.

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OpenAI Five

AI system that plays the game Dota 2.

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AlphaStar

AI that plays StarCraft II at a high level.

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Google Assistant

AI virtual assistant.

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Boston Dynamics Robots

Robotics company known for advanced, and uniquely capable robots.

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Intelligent Agent Sensors

Devices gathering environmental info, converted to agent-processable data.

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Perceptual Processing

Turning raw sensor data into meaningful information.

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Knowledge Representation

Structured method of storing world info, facts, and rules.

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World Model

Agent's dynamic understanding of the environment, updated with data

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Inference Engine

System applying rules to the knowledge base to reach conclusions.

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Planning and Goal Management

Creating action sequences to reach goals, managing multiple objectives.

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Learning Algorithms

Methods for agents to learn from data/experiences (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement).

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Actuators

Devices allowing agents to interact with the environment (e.g., robotic arms).

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Market Systems

Environments where agents make decisions based on market conditions.

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Resource Management

Environments focused on allocating and optimizing resources, like in logistics and supply chains.

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Agent Perception

How agents gather information about their surroundings and internal state using sensors.

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Agent Action

How agents change the environment through actuators or other means.

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Agent Feedback

Information agents receive from the environment in response to actions.

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Agent Adaptation

How agents adjust behavior based on environmental changes, learning experiences.

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Simulation Software

Programs that model virtual environments to mimic real-world conditions.

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Environmental Modeling Software

Software that simulates environmental processes and impacts.

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Search Strategy

A method of finding a solution in a problem space.

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Problem Formulation

Creating a structured problem representation for AI.

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Initial State

The starting point of a problem.

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Goal State

The desired outcome of a problem.

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State Space

All states reachable from the initial one.

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Transition Model

Describing how states change with actions.

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Path Cost Function

Assigning a cost to actions/transitions.

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Search Problem Representation

A way to represent a problem using initial, goal, actions, transitions, and costs to be usable by search algorithms.

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Greedy Best-First Search

A search algorithm that expands the most promising node based on a heuristic estimate, but may not always find the optimal solution.

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Genetic Algorithms

Optimization techniques that mimic natural selection by creating, combining, and mutating populations of solutions, often effective for large, complex search spaces.

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Simulated Annealing

An optimization technique that introduces randomness to escape local maxima, gradually reducing randomness, often useful for optimization problems with large search spaces.

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Hill Climbing

An optimization technique that iteratively moves to neighboring states with a higher value, but can get stuck in local maxima.

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Backtracking

A technique for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) by systematically exploring possible solutions, backtracking when a constraint violation is found.

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Constraint Propagation

Technique that reduces the search space in Constraint Satisfaction problems(CSP) by enforcing constraints locally.

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A* algorithm

Used for pathfinding, combining cost and heuristic to efficiently find the shortest path.

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Minimax with Alpha-Beta Pruning

Algorithm for solving game-tree problems by evaluating possible moves recursively, focusing on winning while minimizing opponent's chances.

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