Untitled Quiz

A synthetic corticosteroid that binds to corticosteroid receptors (CRs), leading to decreased inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine generation.

This medication is used to manage a wide range of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune disorders, and to prevent organ transplant rejection.

A common adverse effect of dexamethasone is a weakening of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, particularly opportunistic infections.

A monoclonal antibody that targets CD3 on T cells, initially activating them but ultimately leading to their inactivation and deactivation.

Muromonab-CD3 is primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejection by suppressing the immune response against the transplanted organ.

Using Muromonab-CD3 can trigger a cytokine release syndrome, a potentially serious condition involving widespread inflammation. Other adverse effects include immunogenic reactions.

Basiliximab, a monoclonal antibody, acts by blocking the IL-2 receptor, inhibiting IL-2 binding, and preventing T cell maturation. This also leads to decreased production of antibodies.

Similar to Muromonab-CD3, Basiliximab is primarily used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ transplant rejection.

A common concern with Basiliximab is the increased risk of opportunistic infections because it suppresses the body's immune defenses.

Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Golimumab all work by binding to TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, reducing its signaling and thereby suppressing inflammatory cytokine production.

These medications are used for managing inflammatory conditions mediated by TNF-α, including autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease.

A common adverse effect of these drugs is weakening the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections.

Imiquimod, a topical medication, is used for treating pre-cancerous tissues and lesions by stimulating the immune system to target and eliminate abnormal cells.

Imiquimod works by activating TLR7, a receptor on immune cells, leading to their activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which then target and destroy abnormal cells.

Commonly observed side-effects associated with Imiquimod include localized inflammation and skin irritation at the application site.

Dexamethasone is used for a diverse range of inflammatory conditions.

Rho(D) Immune Globulin is administered to pregnant women to prevent complications in Rh-negative mothers carrying Rh-positive babies.

Rho(D) Immune Globulin works by neutralizing fetal red blood cells in the mother's circulation.

Muromonab-CD3 is a monoclonal antibody used to suppress the immune system after organ transplantation.

Muromonab-CD3 binds to CD3 on T cells, initially activating them, but ultimately leading to their inactivation.

Muromonab-CD3 can cause a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immunogenic reactions.

Basiliximab is used in organ transplant recipients to prevent the immune rejection of the graft.

Basiliximab blocks the IL-2 receptor, thereby inhibiting T cell maturation and antibody production.

Basiliximab can increase the risk of opportunistic infections by weakening the immune system.

Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Golimumab are used to manage various inflammatory conditions.

These medications bind to TNFα, reducing its signaling and suppressing inflammation.

These drugs can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections.

Imiquimod is a topical medication used to treat pre-cancerous lesions by stimulating the immune response.

Imiquimod activates TLR7, leading to leukocyte activation and inflammatory cytokine production.

Imiquimod may cause localized inflammation and skin irritation at the application site.

Rituximab targets CD20 on B cells, leading to their destruction through ADCC.

Rituximab is used for treating lymphomas, autoimmune diseases, and some pre-cancerous conditions.

Rituximab's primary side effect is the depletion of healthy B cells in the body.

Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab are checkpoint inhibitors, used in cancer immunotherapy.

Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab block PD-1 interaction with PD-L1, reversing T cell exhaustion and restoring anti-tumor immunity.

Atezolizumab is another checkpoint inhibitor, primarily targeting PD-L1, enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

Ipilimumab is a checkpoint inhibitor that targets CTLA-4, blocking its inhibitory signaling.

Brentuximab Vedotin is a targeted therapy used in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Brentuximab Vedotin works by binding to CD30 and delivering MMAE, a microtubule inhibitor, which kills the cells.

Trastuzumab-Emtansine (Kadcyla) is used to treat HER2+ breast cancer.

Trastuzumab-Emtansine binds to HER2 receptors, delivering DM1, a microtubule inhibitor, which kills the cells.

Inotuzumab Ozogamicin is used to treat relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Inotuzumab Ozogamicin works by binding to CD22, delivering calicheamicin, a DNA-damaging agent, which kills the cells.

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin is used to treat relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin binds to CD22, delivering calicheamicin, a potent DNA-damaging agent, leading to cell death.

Mosunetuzumab is a bispecific antibody used in cancer therapy.

Mosunetuzumab binds to CD3 on T cells and CD20 on tumors, forcing them to interact, leading to T cell-mediated killing.

Blinatumomab is another bispecific antibody used in various cancers.

Blinatumomab bridges CD3 on T cells and CD19 on tumors, triggering T cell-mediated killing.

Abatacept is a recombinant CTLA-4 protein used to manage rheumatoid arthritis.

Abatacept competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/86, reducing T cell costimulation and activation.

Etanercept is a fusion protein used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

Etanercept neutralizes soluble TNFα, reducing inflammatory cytokine signaling.

CAR-T therapy uses engineered T cells to recognize and directly eliminate cancer cells.

CD19 CAR-T therapy uses engineered T cells that target CD19, directly killing the cancer cells.

CD19 CAR-T therapy can cause cytokine release syndrome (CRS), severe inflammation, and B cell depletion.

Tocilizumab is used in managing cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and rheumatoid arthritis.

Tocilizumab binds to the IL-6 receptor, inhibiting IL-6 signaling and reducing inflammation.

Tocilizumab can increase the risk of opportunistic infections by weakening the immune system.

Paracetamol/Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever.

Paracetamol acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and blocking endocannabinoid reuptake.

High doses of paracetamol can cause hepatotoxicity, which is damage to the liver.

Aspirin is a common anti-inflammatory medication with various applications.

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, blocking prostaglandin synthesis.

NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) are widely used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation.

NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, blocking prostaglandin synthesis.

NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, and potential kidney problems with long-term use.

Rofecoxib was a selective COX-2 inhibitor withdrawn from the market due to increased cardiovascular risks.

Rofecoxib selectively inhibited COX-2, reducing prostaglandin production.

Dinoprostone is a prostaglandin analogue used to induce labor and prepare the cervix for delivery.

Dinoprostone mimics endogenous PGE2, stimulating uterine contractions and cervical softening.

Dinoprost is another prostaglandin analogue used in labor induction, abortion, and other gynecological procedures.

Dinoprost mimics endogenous PGF2α, stimulating uterine contractions.

Carboprost is a synthetic prostaglandin analogue used to control postpartum hemorrhage.

Carboprost stimulates uterine contractions and promotes hemostasis, reducing postpartum hemorrhage.

The suffix '-ximab' indicates a chimeric antibody with mixed human and non-human origins.

The suffix '-umab' denotes a fully human monoclonal antibody.

The suffix '-omab' indicates a fully mouse monoclonal antibody.

The suffix '-zumab' represents a humanized monoclonal antibody.

Trastuzumab-Emtansine is a targeted therapy specifically designed to treat HER2+ metastatic or resistant breast cancer.

TH17 cells release IL-17, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in various immune responses.

IL-12 drives TH1 cell differentiation, while IL-4 promotes TH2 differentiation.

IL-6 and TGFβ promote TH17 differentiation, while IL-2 and TGFβ favor Treg differentiation.

TH2 cells release IL-4, a cytokine that promotes the allergic and anti-parasitic responses.

TH1 cells release IFN-γ, a cytokine that activates macrophages and supports cell-mediated immunity.

Treg cells release TGFβ and IL-10, cytokines known for their immune regulatory and immunosuppressive roles.

IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in several local and systemic inflammatory actions.

CXCL8, a chemokine, attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T cells to sites of inflammation.

IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has a diverse range of effects, both locally and systemically.

IL-12 is a vital cytokine for promoting NK cell activation and the differentiation of TH1 cells.

TNF-α, a powerful pro-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in numerous inflammatory processes.

Synthesized corticosteroid that binds to corticosteroid receptors (CRs) to modulate inflammatory responses.

It's used to manage a wide range of inflammatory conditions including autoimmune disorders, and is a common preventative measure for organ transplant rejection.

Dexamethasone can weaken the immune system, leading to a higher risk of opportunistic infections.

A type of immune globulin used to prevent hemolytic disease in newborns.

Prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn by binding to Rho(D) antigens on fetal red blood cells, facilitating their clearance from the maternal circulation.

A monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD3 protein on T cells, leading to initial activation followed by complex internalization and inactivation.

It's commonly used to prevent organ transplant rejection by suppressing the immune response to the transplanted organ.

Muromonab-CD3 can cause a cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a potentially serious condition involving widespread inflammation; it can also trigger immunogenic reactions.

A monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL-2 receptor, preventing IL-2 binding and blocking the maturation of T cells; this also decreases antibody production.

Similar to Muromonab-CD3, Basiliximab is mainly used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ transplant rejection.

Basiliximab, like other immunosuppressants, can increase the risk of opportunistic infections.

These are monoclonal antibodies that bind to TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, reducing its signaling and suppressing inflammatory cytokine production.

These medications are used to manage different inflammatory conditions mediated by TNF-α, including certain autoimmune conditions and inflammatory bowel disease.

These medications can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections.

A topical medication used for treating precancerous tissues and lesions by stimulating the immune system to target and eliminate abnormal cells.

Imiquimod works by activating TLR7, a receptor found on immune cells, leading to their activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines which go on to target abnormal cells.

Common side effects of Imiquimod include localized inflammation and skin irritation at the application site.

A monoclonal antibody that binds to CD20 on B cells, inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Rituximab is used in the treatment of B cell lymphomas and autoimmune conditions.

Rituximab can deplete healthy B cells, leading to a weakened immune system.

A monoclonal antibody that binds to the overexpressed HER2 receptor, inducing Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Trastuzumab is used in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab are known as checkpoint inhibitors, they bind to PD-1, preventing its interaction with PD-L1, which reverses T cell exhaustion and restores anti-tumor immune responses.

Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab are used as immunotherapy in the treatment of various cancers.

Atezolizumab is a checkpoint inhibitor that binds to PD-L1, preventing its interaction with PD-1, boosting T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.

Atezolizumab is used in the treatment of various cancers as an immunotherapy.

Ipilimumab is a checkpoint inhibitor that binds to CTLA-4, blocking its inhibitory signaling, allowing T cell activation promoting anti-tumor immunity.

Ipilimumab is used in the treatment of various cancers as an immunotherapy.

A monoclonal antibody that binds to CD20 on B cells, inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Rituximab is used in the treatment of B cell lymphomas and autoimmune conditions.

Rituximab can deplete healthy B cells, leading to a weakened immune system.

Basiliximab causes a weakening of the immune system that could make the body more prone to infections.

A monoclonal antibody that binds to TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, reducing its signaling and thereby suppressing inflammatory cytokine production.

These medications are used for managing inflammatory conditions mediated by TNF-α, including autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease.

A common adverse effect of these drugs is weakening the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections.

Imiquimod, a topical medication, is used for treating pre-cancerous tissues and lesions by stimulating the immune system to target and eliminate abnormal cells.

Imiquimod works by activating TLR7, a receptor on immune cells, leading to their activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which then target and destroy abnormal cells.

Commonly observed side-effects associated with Imiquimod include localized inflammation and skin irritation at the application site.

Rituximab's primary side effect is the depletion of healthy B cells in the body.

Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab are checkpoint inhibitors, used in cancer immunotherapy. They block PD-1 interaction with PD-L1, reversing T cell exhaustion and restoring anti-tumor immunity.

Atezolizumab is another checkpoint inhibitor, primarily targeting PD-L1, enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

Ipilimumab is a checkpoint inhibitor that targets CTLA-4, blocking its inhibitory signaling.

Brentuximab Vedotin is a targeted therapy used in Hodgkin's lymphoma. It works by binding to CD30 and delivering MMAE, a microtubule inhibitor, which kills the cells.

Trastuzumab-Emtansine (Kadcyla) is used to treat HER2+ metastatic or resistant breast cancer. It binds to HER2 receptors, delivering DM1, a microtubule inhibitor, which kills the cells.