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Questions and Answers

Uncinate crisis is present in lesion of

  • n.I
  • frontal lobe
  • n. VIII
  • temporal lobe (correct)

    • MRI angiography

  • can be made in patients with implanted iron metal material
  • it is an imaging method without radiation (correct)
  • is always done with CT angiography
  • its accessibility make it method of first choice in case of acute ischemic

    • Which of the following do not suggest brain structural abnormality in the origin of coma?

  • anisocoria
  • quadriplegia
  • drop of the mouth angle
  • hemiplegia (correct)

    • Pathway for temperature sensation

    <p>crosses behind central canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Afferent pathways of deep sensation enters

    <p>into dorsal spinal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EEG cannot be used for differeciation or EEG cannot be used to differenciate

    <p>headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The evoked potential (EP) test is based on

    <p>registration of impulse propagation along the nerve pathway, it is the response of the nerve structures to a precisely defined stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypokinetic movement disorder is

    <p>parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myoklonus/myoclonus is

    <p>Simple involuntary jerky movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with cerebellar dysfunction have gait dysfunction with

    <p>Wider basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about right hemianopsia is correct?

    <p>perimeter on the left eye shows loss of medical half of the optic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical feature of bulbar palsy are

    <p>dysartria, dysphagia, tongue atrophy and fascicilations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>villi arachnoidales are considered to be sites of the cerebrospinal fluid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>There is about 125mL of CSF at any one time, and about 500 mL is generated every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>positive oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid are present in patients multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bicipital reflex

    <p>Reflex response is forearm flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid measures inc... subarachnoid hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extrapyramidal hyperkinesias are:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of demyelinative lesion of a peripheral nerve

    <p>Decelerated conductivity of particular nerve’s segment, action potentials are of normal amplitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of demyelinated axonal lesion of a peripheral nerve show:

    <p>decelerated conductivity of a particular nerve’s segment, action potential is of lower amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of axonal lesion of a peripheral nerve show:

    <p>Normal conductivity of a particular nerve’s segment, action potentials are of lower amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statements:

    <p>positive Babinski sign is extension of big toe elicited by irritation of lateral part of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials: BAEP are indicated in case where the patient is complaining about:

    <p>Dizziness, hearing loss or tinnitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials BAEP the most common pathological findings are...

    <p>absence or prolonged latency of wave I , III or V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical features belong to the clinical picture of parkinsonism:

    <p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglossal nerve palsy on the left side in the case of presence spastic hemiparesis on the right :

    <p>hemiplegia/hemiparesis alternans inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglossal nerve palsy on the right side in the case of presence spastic hemiparesis on the left side could raise from:

    <p>Lesion in Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statement is true (intracranial brain vessels)

    <p>Anterior communicating artery connects both anterior cerebral art...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>Corticospinal pathway passes through internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical features of meningeal syndrome?

    <p>All are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functional examination of brain is

    <p>Positron emission tomography (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysdiadochokinesia means an inability of

    <p>Fast alternating movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tabic dissociation of sensation means

    <p>Defect of deep sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tabic dissociation of sensation can clinically manifest with:

    <p>Loss of proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sign of a cerebellar lesion is

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smell pseudohalucinations are present or smell pseudohallucinations are present

    <p>In patients with uncus gyri parahipokampi lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ischemic stroke in the territory of an anterior cerebral artery (ACA) manifests by:

    <p>Changes of behaviour – prefrontal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage is scaled by (clinical symptoms):

    <p>Hunt-Hess scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glasgow coma scale examines:

    <p>Eye, verbal, and motor response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-modifiable risk factor of stroke is:

    <p>Race/ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for progressive supranuclear palsy?

    <p>Abnormal vertical vertical ocular saccades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most frequent clinical form (disease course) of multiple sclerosis is:

    <p>Relapsing-remitting form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early ischemic changes on brain CT does not involve:

    <p>Dilation of subarachnoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of multiple sclerosis (relapse) attack are recommended to use:

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding S1 radiculopathy, which of the following is incorrect?

    <p>Pain and sensory deficit is localized to lateral aspects of thigh, leg, and dorsal aspect of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement for cluster headache:

    <p>Is more prevalent in women b.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding C6 radiculopathy, which of the following is correct?

    <p>There is hyporeflexia of brachioradial reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is typically manifested at the beginning under the image of:

    <p>Optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    which of the following is not true regarding metastatic brain tumors?

    <p>Tumors of lungs and skin do not metastase into brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would you expect to find on a FDG-PET scan in patients with Alzheimers disease

    <p>Hypometabolism in temporoparietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A severe form of epilepsy that appears during the first years of life is called:

    <p>Lennox Gastaut syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spine X-ray is used to visualise

    <p>Degenerative lesion of vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skull X-ray does not show

    <p>Brain bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct answers

    <p>Optic disc swelling is present with intracranial hypertension syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesion in internal capsule is manifested by

    <p>contralateral hemiparesis and central palsy of facial nerve on contralateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal wakeful EEG can consist of

    <p>frontal beta, temporal delta and occipital alpha activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials: pathological findings in the BAEP examination may reveal early stages of:

    <p>tumor affecting statoacustic nerve (n. vestibulocochlearis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The EMG (electromyography) method, called STEMG (repetitive nerve stimulation EMG), is used in a case of suspected

    <p>myasthenic syndrome – there is pathological decrement of the action potential amplitudes in the repeated muscle response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is not correct?

    <p>k-complexes point at the localization of the epileptic focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the correct statement

    <p>EEG is used in the diagnostic assessment of epilepsy and lost of the consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiplegia alternans superior is also called:

    <p>Weber I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hemiplegia alternans superior is (correct/incorrect?):

    <p>Lesion of CN.III homolaterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hemiplegia alternans superior is not true:

    <p>Contralaterally is present lesion of facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In superior alternating hemiplegia is present

    <p>Ipsilateral lesion of n III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which from following is NOT true in case of superior alternating hemiplegia

    <p>contralateral lesion of n VII is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiplegia alternans media is also called:

    <p>Milliard-Gubler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hemiplegia alternans media

    <p>homolateraly is present peripheral lesion of facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hemiplegia alternans media is not valid:

    <p>Goes with lesion of the pyramidal tract in the area of the medulla oblongata (? or spinal cord?)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiplegia alternans media syndrome:

    <p>Is manifested with facial nerve palsy-peripheral type on the homolateral side with lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Middle alternating hemiplegia is called

    <p>Millard - Gubler syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiplegia alternans inferior is also called:

    <p>Jackson II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hemiplegia alternans inferior is valid:

    <p>Lesion of hypoglossal nerve homolaterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For disorders of sensibility in lesions of brainstem (?) is true:

    <p>For lesions in the area for nucleus tractus spinalis arises disorders of (unknown word)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesion in the area of upper brainstem manifest as:

    <p>Disturbed both types of sensation in the contralateral half of the body including the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For disorders of sensation within brainstem lesions is not true:

    <p>doesn't happen with disturbances of sensation in the area of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most often etiological agent of bacterial meningitis:

    <p>Neisseria meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TBC meningitis:

    <p>In CSF in hypoglykorrachia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glykorachia, mark the correct answer

    <p>hypoglykorachia is present in patients with tuberculotic meningoencephaliti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meningitis:

    <p>Clinical diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical examination and examination of CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For meningitis in newborns is true

    <p>Bulging fontanel can be present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For clinical feature of meningitis is true:

    <p>All are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurological forms of syphilis are:

    <p>Meningitis, tabes dorsalis, endarteritis and progressive paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary hypernosmias are NOT caused by:

    <p>Brain tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is true, that in narcolepsy:

    <p>Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) is used for diagnostic assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical feature of brain hemorrhage:

    <p>Autonomic symptomatology is frequently present in patients with stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain haemorrhage on CT is

    <p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structures with higher density than CSF are on the brain CT

    <p>white and gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Therapy of hemorrhagic stroke

    <p>large cerebellar hemorrhage is indicated for surgery treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advantage of brain CT over brain MRI is:

    <p>Possibility to examine the patients with metal implant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrophysiological investigation methods:

    <p>Brainstem acustic evoked potentials (BAEP) are useful in diagnostic process of statoacustic nerve tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epileptic seizures can be:

    <p>All are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epileptic seizure can be triggered by:

    <p>Chronic alcohol overuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers about the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE):

    <p>All are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-motor symptoms can be present in parkinsons disease

    <p>B,C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers:

    <p>DaT SPECT can distinguish Parkinsons disease from essential tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers for the treatment of Parkinsons disease

    <p>In case the patient is initially treatment with dopamine agonists, motor fluctuations usually occur sooner than on levodopa monotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect answers for atypical parkinsonisms:

    <p>Progressive supranuclear palsy is a typical disease of childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wilsons disease

    <p>Is an autosomal recessive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huntingtons disease is an:

    <p>Autosomal dominant disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huntingstons disease or huntington:

    <p>B,C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huntingtons disease

    <p>genetic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huntingtons disease is an

    <p>autosomal dominant disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the correct statement

    <p>EEG is used in the diagnostic assessment of epilepsy and loss of the consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ultrasound examination of extracranial cerebral arteries is used in diagnosis

    <p>Internal carotid artery stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral motor neuron lesion is characterized by?

    <p>Muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral ( lower ) motor neuron lesion is characterized by

    <p>Muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aphasia:

    <p>A,B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluent aphasia is related to lesion of

    <p>Left temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frontal lobe syndrome is associated with

    <p>affected conjugate movement of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporal lobe syndrome is associated with

    <p>the lesion of the visual field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the clinical picture of peripheral vestibular syndrome

    <p>Patient with closed eyes falls down towards lesion side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicate incorrect answers related to symbolic cerebral cortical functions

    <p>Autotopagnosia is a form of agnosia, characterized by an inability to recognize subject by touch different parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anozognosia is = person with some disability seems unaware of its existence

    <p>Is present in the lesion of nondominant, it means right hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicate incorrect answers related to symbolic cerebral cortical functions:

    <p>A,B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebellar ataxia presents with:

    <p>Negative Romberg sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensation problem will be present in case of hemisection of the spinal cord

    <p>Loss of deep sensitivity on the homolateral side of the body under the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark what is typical for neocerebellar syndrome

    <p>Intentional tremor on the side homolateral to the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Edema of optic nerve papilla can present with:

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperkinetic movement disorder is:

    <p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hyperkinetic movements is characterized as a complex patterned movement/posture?

    <p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI angiography

    <p>it is an imagining method without radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural abnormality in case of bulbar palsy is localised

    <p>Cranial nerves IX – XII ncc. Localised in the bulbar brain stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routinely we use ultrasound examination in diagnosis of

    <p>Cerebrovascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postural and kinetic tremor is most associated with

    <p>Essential tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradykinesia means

    <p>Difficulties to initiate voluntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical sign of parkinsonian syndrome is

    <p>Resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of bulbar paralysis in the brain lesion is located

    <p>In the medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every child with dystonia and diurnal fluctuations (better in the morning and worse in the evening) should try a trial with

    <p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common genetic disorder primarily associated with chorea is

    <p>Huntington’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement about rigidity

    <p>it worsens by the movement of contralateral limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Millard-Gubler syndrome is also called

    <p>Middle alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements are true for rigidity?

    <p>Rigidity worsens with co-activation of contralateral limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical features of meningeal syndrome?

    <p>All are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of intracranial hypertension syndrome?

    <p>Brain abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding does not belong to ictal/interictal epileptic abnormality?

    <p>generalized discharges of spike-wave complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for multiple system atrophy?

    <p>Autonomic dysfunction (e.g., orthostatic hypotension)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral lesion of n.VII cranial nerve is present in

    <p>Middle alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In parietal lobe syndrome of nondominant hemisphere is not present

    <p>Speech problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement: vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve (n.VIII)

    <p>they emerge through the meatus acusticus internus and enter the brainstem in the ponto- cerebellar angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Key clinical feature of Parkinson’s disease (must be present in 100% of patients) is

    <p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EEG cannot be used to differenciate

    <p>headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lesion of the cochlear nerve is manifested by

    <p>Hearing deficit - from hypacusis to anacusis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypokinetic movement disorder is:

    <p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the most specific (clinical) symptom of prodromal Parkinsin’s disease:

    <p>REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is not a feature of neocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>Oculomotor abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Half side spinal cord lesion in c3 presented with

    <p>ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis and respiratory problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain MRI is essential in diagnosis of, or Brain MRI is the first choice for:

    <p>multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most virulent cause of meningitis?

    <p>Pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The EMG (electromyography) method, called STEMG (repetitive nerve stimulation EMG), is used in a case of suspected

    <p>myasthenic syndrome – there is pathological decrement of the action potential amplitudes in the repeated muscle response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of axonal lesion of a peripheral nerve show:

    <p>Normal conductivity of a particular nerve’s segment, action potentials are of lower amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which from the following statements is true considering Duplex ultrasound examination of extracranial:

    <p>Uses B-mode and Doppler mode for display (of blood vessels) – doppler for the velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuropathic pain

    <p>Can appear in lesion of both the central and peripheral nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of Weber 's syndrome, the lesion located in:

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upper brainstem lesion manifests as or Upper brainstem lesion is manifests as:

    <p>Deficit of both sensation modalities on contralateral half of body and homolateral half of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frequent causes of intracranial hypertension syndrome are:

    <p>Brain tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isolated defect in deep sensitivity occurs within

    <p>Lesion of the posterior columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right side hemianopsia is present in lesion of

    <p>left optic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a tongue is innervated by the Facial nerve (n. VII) regarding the taste?

    <p>Ipsilateral anterior two thirds of a tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bicipital reflex

    <p>Reflex response is forearm flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plane x-ray of the spinal column is indicated or plane Xray

    <p>In present is not used very frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements are NOT true for freezing in Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Freezing of gait is often not very responsive to dopaminergic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune chorea is typical for which age?

    <p>Late adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short steps and decreased arm swing during the gait is

    <p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tics may be differentiated from the hyperkinetic movement by the following statement

    <p>They may partially voluntarily suppressible, are preceded by inner urge and followed by relief of inner tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lesion of half of the spinal cord (right or left) at the level of the spinal cord segment C3, is manifested by

    <p>Spastic hemiparesis ipsilaterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesions of the vermis will be primarily related to ataxia of

    <p>Standing and walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Body of the upper motor neuron lies in

    <p>Precentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical picture of pseudobulbar palsy shows, or pseudobulbar palsy shows:

    <p>Dysartria, dysphagia, increased masseter reflex, positive pathological axial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiparesis/hemiplegia means the weakness of

    <p>Right/left limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

    <p>Is invasive diagnostic method of brain arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway crosses in area of central spinal canal (comissura alba anterior)?

    <p>Pathway for temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical feature of palleocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>All statements are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imagine technique will show acute ischemic stroke:

    <p>CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Middle alternating hemiplegia is characterized by

    <p>Ipsilateral peripheral n.VII lesion and contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement about spasticity

    <p>Deep brain stimulation is therapy of a choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysarthria and dysphagia are present within the following syndrome:

    <p>Pseudobulbar palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lesion of left n. II

    <p>On the left side is not present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tetraparesis/tetraplegia means the weakness of

    <p>all four limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathway for temperature sensation:

    <p>Crosses behind central canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement

    <p>Primary motor cortex is localized in praecentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement for chorea:

    <p>has constant, stereotypic pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular (n.VIII) nerve

    <p>Conduct information from receptors in the labyrinth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transtentorial brain herniation (temporal conus):

    <p>occurs when the uncal area is moved downward through the tentorium cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about right hemianopsia is correct?

    <p>Is connected with the stroke in the right hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding C5 radiculopathy, which of the following statements is correct?

    <p>Pain is localized to the lateral aspect of arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nystagmus is defined as

    <p>rapidly repetitive, rhythmic movement of the eyes, or twitch of the eyeballs which occurs in lesions of the vestibular nerve or vestibular pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with cerebellar dysfunction have gait dysfunction with

    <p>Wider basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Body of the lower motor neuron which innervates the limbs lies in

    <p>Anterior horn of spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular ataxia: when testing a patient's posture (Rhomberg) or Vestibular ataxia: in patient’s posture test:

    <p>the ataxia worsens when the eyes are closed, the Romberg test is positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Devic’s disease. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is:

    <p>A demyelinating disease manifesting with optic neuritis and myelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesion to the XII. cranial nerve on the left side manifests as

    <p>Hypotrophy of the left half of the tongue, paralysis of the left half of the tongue, tip of the tongue deviates to the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central palsy is characterized by

    <p>muscles’ hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facial nerve (VII) lesion –peripheral type is manifested with or Facial nerve lesion – peripheral type is manifested with:

    <p>Inability to make forehead wrinkles, elevate eyebrow, close the eye and nasolabial wrinkle is re.. mouth angle drop is present, and related to lesion localization, also taste deficit can be present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglossal nerve palsy on the right-side manifests as

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic dissociation of sensitivity is manifested by

    <p>Lesion of pain and thermic sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central palsy is characterized by

    <p>Babinski sign is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spastic paraparesis could come from

    <p>Parasagittal growing tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chorea is:

    <p>An involuntary unpredictable complex hyperkinetic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true for Essential tremor?

    <p>It is associated with action (postural and kinetic) tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the facial nerve (n.VII) lesions, innervation of facial muscles, upper branch, is clinically manifested by

    <p>Inability to open the eye, raise eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead on the side of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic origin of movement disorders should be considered especially if

    <p>Symptoms start in early childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of demyelinated axonal lesion of a peripheral nerve show:

    <p>decelerated conductivity of a particular nerve’s segment, action potential is of lower amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a clinical feature of meningeal syndrome?

    <p>Hanzal’s sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nerve VII consists of mixed fibers

    <p>Sensorics (taste), vegetative (slinenie, sizenie), motor and sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Divergent stabism is present in lesion of or divergent strabismus:

    <p>n. III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anterior spinal artery syndrome is not manifested by

    <p>Lesion of dorsal column pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the correct statement

    <p>The vagus nerve carries the parasympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myoclonus may originate:

    <p>Can be cortical, subcortical, or spinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used for objective measurement of hearing impairment?

    <p>Audiometric examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>anterior communicating artery connects both anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>positive oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid are present in patients’ multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for a neocerebellar disorder?

    <p>Limb hypermetria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following findings is present in inferior alternating hemiplegia

    <p>Protruded tongue is deviated to ipsilateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding brain CT:

    <p>Is used primarily for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is often resistant to levodopa treatment?

    <p>Postural instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carotid sonography cannot reveal:

    <p>The presence of a soft atherosclerotic plaque in the cervical part of internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brocca center is in:

    <p>left frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnoses are presented by meningeal syndrome?

    <p>Subarachnoid bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncinate crisis is present in lesion of:

    <p>temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular nerve:

    <p>Leads information from receptor organ – labyrinth (sacculus, utriculus, canales semicirculares)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive Chvostek’s sign means or A positive Chvostek’s sign means that the patient has

    <p>Tetania – tetanic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysmetria means

    <p>Problem with aiming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If we find a smooth nasolabial line on one side during a neurological examination of the facial nerve innervation and a drop of mouth angle it means:

    <p>Peripheral type of facial nerve (n.VII) lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inferior alternating hemiplegia is called:

    <p>Jackson II syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of complete transversal spinal cord lesion in level C5 which of following cannot be present:

    <p>spastic quadriparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebellar disorder manifests:

    <p>At ipsilateral side of a body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    XI.cranial nerve innervates

    <p>Neck’s muscles (m. sternocleidomastoideus, m. trapezius)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An abnormal painful sensitive perception is called:

    <p>Dysesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradykinesia is typical sign of:

    <p>Parkinson’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of superior alternating hemiplegia a lesion of which cranial nerve is present?

    <p>III. cranial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tremor is characteristic for Parkinson’s disease

    <p>Resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statements:

    <p>positive Babinski sign is extension of big toe elicited by irritation of lateral part of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epidural bleeding on CT is seen as:

    <p>Hyperdense biconvex lens-like shape lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber's syndrome is characterized by

    <p>Ipsilateral III. nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transtentorial brain herniation (temporal conus)

    <p>Is manifested by loss of the consciousness and ipsilateral mydriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axon of the lower motor neuron terminates at the

    <p>Striated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nuclei of the cranial nerves IX., X., XI. XII. are in

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements for cerebellum is true?

    <p>It has strictly a motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement

    <p>The internal carotid artery divides into the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) are used to measure action potentials

    <p>After stimulation of peripheral nerve, recording is over the nerve or muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement about spasticity

    <p>Botulinum toxin is used in the treatment of spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic dissociation of sensitivity occurs within:

    <p>Lesion to spinothalamic tract in the area of central spinal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer (written also “protein-cytological)

    <p>Proteino-cytological association is present in patients with bacterial CNS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intentional tremor is typical for:

    <p>Cerebellar dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertebro-basilar stroke is not manifested by:

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a feature of cerebellar dysfunction?

    <p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lesion of half of the spinal cord (right or left) at the level of the Th8 spinal cord segment is manifested by:

    <p>sensitivity disturbance below the lesion site ipsilaterally for superficial and less also for deep sensitivity and LL monoparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular ataxia in the peripheral vestibular syndrome

    <p>The patient has tonic deviations of the limbs on the side of the affected vestibular apparatus, it is also called &quot;vestibular harmonic syndrome&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular nerve lesion presents with:

    <p>Nausea, vomit, vertigo, nystagmus, and vestibular ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical features of REM sleep are:

    <p>muscle atonia, saw tooth waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical tremor in Parkinson’s disease is (typical temporal Parkinson’s disease is)

    <p>Resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following belongs to hyperkinetic movement disorders?

    <p>Myoclonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is pathognomonic for functional tremor?

    <p>None of the statements is true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of half spinal cord (right or left) lesion in the level of Th10 which of following is not present

    <p>superficial ipsilateral sensation deficit below the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convergent strabismus is present in lesion of:

    <p>n. VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is not used for diagnosis of

    <p>the source of epidural bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer:

    <p>cerebrospinal fluid flows from the third ventricle through cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duplex sonography of extracranial brain vessels

    <p>Has no significant contraindication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber’s syndrome is also called:

    <p>Superior alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark INCORRECT statement for rigidity

    <p>Depends on velocity of a passive movement of a limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnoses are not causes of intracranial hypertension syndrome?

    <p>atrophy of hippocarpal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyssynergy means:

    <p>Problem with coordination between muscle groups in a more complex movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement: vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve (VIII)

    <p>both nerves came out of the pyramid bone through the meatus acusticus internus and they enter the brain stem on the midbrain level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paraparesis/ paraplegia means the weakness of or paraparesis/paraplegia means the weakness of

    <p>Lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CSF examination is indicated:

    <p>In patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bilateral pyramid tract lesion in C3 level of spinal cord presents with:

    <p>spastic quadruparesis/quadruplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of first choice:

    <p>In the diagnosis of CNS demyelinating diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT angiography. Which of following statement is true:

    <p>It is a minimal invasive examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding Doppler effect or Which from the following statement considering Doppler affect is true:

    <p>If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a typical feature of palleocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>Intentional tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statement is not true (DSA- digital subtraction angiography):

    <p>DSA is not using X-ray radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the false statement regarding Doppler effect

    <p>Based on Doppler effect, we can determine the direction and speed of particles within blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glasgow coma scale examines:

    <p>Eye, verbal, and motor response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chorea is defined as:

    <p>Complex involuntary, often twisting movements that do not have a typical pattern and are unpredictable movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement about paresis:

    <p>It is a complete loss of a muscle’s strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transversal complete spinal cord lesion at the level of L3 segment doesn’t present

    <p>Sphincter disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right cerebellar hemisphere lesions will be primary related to:

    <p>Ataxia in contralateral limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maintenance of stability normal function of the following is not required for:

    <p>V. cranial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-modifiable risk factor of stroke is:

    <p>Race/ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A complete transversal spinal cord lesion at the level of Th10 segment is manifested by

    <p>Disorder of sphincter control disorder of superficial sensitivity below the lesion on both sides and paraparesis of LL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archicerebellum includes the:

    <p>Flocculonodular lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nuclear and/or infranuclear lesion of the cranial nerves IX., X., XII. manifests as:

    <p>Bulbar paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is present in

    <p>n.III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for progressive supranuclear palsy?

    <p>Abnormal vertical vertical ocular saccades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evaluation of the brainstem reactivity in coma patient we do not use

    <p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which from following statement is true

    <p>right common carotid artery diverges from brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For detection of amyloid angiopathy we use:

    <p>Brain MRI gradient echo sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement about common carotid artery:

    <p>It is a direct branch of aortic arch on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Palleocerebellum includes the

    <p>Vermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most frequent clinical form (disease course) of multiple sclerosis is:

    <p>Relapsing-remitting form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyographic nerve conduction studies (NCS) in case of demyelinative lesion of a peripheral nerve show:

    <p>Decelerated conductivity of particular nerve’s segment, action potentials are of normal amplitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer:

    <p>villi arachnoidales are considered to be sites of cerebrospinal fluid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true for Essential tremor?

    <p>Many patients have positive family history of tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about meningeal syndrome is correct?

    <p>Nuchal rigidity/neck stiffness is a part of the clinical picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early ischemic changes on brain CT does not involve:

    <p>Dilation of subarachnoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We routinely do not use duplex ultrasound exam of extracranial blood vessels

    <p>For control exam of patients after carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following do not suggest brain structural abnormality in the origin of coma?

    <p>drops of the mouth angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with cerebellar dysfunction typically fall:

    <p>Backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs of upper alternating hemiparesis (Weber’s syndrome) include:

    <p>divergent strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect answer

    <p>brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T1 hyperintense lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of multiple sclerosis (relapse) attack are recommended to use:

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central palsy is characterized by:

    <p>Babinski sign is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs of lower alternating hemiparesis (Jackson’s syndrome) include

    <p>protruded tongue deviates to the ipsilateral side to the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer:

    <p>MRI has 3 main weight sequences: T1 T2 FLAIR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for progressive supranuclear palsy?

    <p>Abnormal vertical vertical ocular saccades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporal (uncal, transtentorial) herniation manifests with:

    <p>Anisocoria: mydriasis of ipsilateral pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding S1 radiculopathy, which of the following is incorrect?

    <p>Pain and sensory deficit is localized to lateral aspects of thigh, leg, and dorsal aspect of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers:

    <p>obstruction of CSF circulation can lead to hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic sensation deficit occurs when lesion is located in:

    <p>Anterior half of spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete oculomotor nerve (n.III) palsy on the left side is manifested with:

    <p>Absence of direct pupillary light reaction on the left eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diplopia, nasal deviation of the left eyebulb looking straight ahead are caused by:

    <p>Abducent palsy on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement for cluster headache:

    <p>Is more prevalent in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials: BAEP are indicated in case where the patient is complaining about:

    <p>Dizziness, hearing loss or tinnitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myoclonus is:

    <p>Simple involuntary jerky movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early ischemic changes on brain CT does not involve:

    <p>Dilation of subarachnoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answers

    <p>Meningeal syndrome can be present in patients with subarachnoidal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Afferent pathways of deep sensation enters

    <p>into dorsal spinal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding C6 radiculopathy, which of the following is correct?

    <p>There is hyporeflexia of brachioradial reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI- angiography of brain arteries or In MRI angiography of brain arteries or in MRI-angiography of brain vessels:

    <p>It is possible to visualize brain arteries, without using contrast medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for needle EMG(electromyography) finding in case ...

    <p>myopathic pattern means reduced duration of motor units action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer:

    <p>MRI in comparison to CT is more sensitive in depicting of a soft tissue’s pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is typically manifested at the beginning under the image of:

    <p>Optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark a false statement regarding CT angiography:

    <p>Is not recommended in patients with ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of the investigation of evoked potentials (EP) is:

    <p>Registration of the nerve impulse propagation along a certain neural path, it is a response of nerve to a precisely defined stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials – BAEP are used for:

    <p>The detection of auditory (hearing) pathway disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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