Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

Contains fewer than 60 species, with 18-30 found in North America.
Divided into two subgenera:
- Euvitis: Includes "true grapes" with 38 chromosomes (2n=38), featuring most naturally occurring species.
- Muscadinia: Comprised of species with 40 chromosomes (2n=40).

The most cultivated grape species globally, known as "old world" grape.
Includes two ancient wild types:
- V.vinifera sylvestris: Native to South/Central Europe, NW Africa, Israel, and Western Turkey.
- V.vinifera caucasia: Native to Ukraine, Central Asia, Iran, and Southern Russia.
Offers wide genetic variation and is useful for cultivar improvement.
Utilized in rootstock breeding for drought tolerance and high pH soil adaptability.

Highly susceptible to phylloxera, a small insect that damages grapevine roots and foliage.

V.aestivalis (Summer grape): Grows strong, lacks phylloxera resistance, but is resistant to powdery mildew.
V.arizonica (Canyon grape): A weaker grower, exhibits tolerance to Pierce's Disease and resistance to dagger nematodes.
V.berlandieri (Winter grape): Develops the first phylloxera-resistant rootstock for Western Europe; tolerates powdery mildew and drought, known for aggressiveness but difficult to root.
V.cinerea (Sweet winter grape): Effective climber in specific soils, offers good resistance to mildew but yields poor-quality fruit.
V.labrusca (Fox grape): Known for cold hardiness and large berries, some dislike its distinct flavor; has powdery mildew and anthracnose resistance but is susceptible to phylloxera.
V.riparia (Riverbank grape): Most widespread native species, great resistance to phylloxera, shallow-rooted, making it less vigorous as a rootstock.
V.rupestris (Sand grape): Features a prostate growth habit and high vigor for drought tolerance; resilient to phylloxera, but intolerant of calcareous soils.
V.mustangensis (Mustang grape): High climbing, vigorous with resistance to multiple diseases, intolerant of high pH soils.

V.rotundifolia (Muscadine grape): Spans eastern Texas to the Atlantic coast, known for beneficial genes for improving vinifera cultivars and hybrid rootstocks; shows good resistance to pests and diseases.