Questions and Answers
How many genera are in the Family Vitaceae?
What is the only genus of food value within the Family Vitaceae?
Genus Vitis
How many species are there in the Genus Vitis?
Which of the following species is most widely cultivated around the world?
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What are the two ancient wild types of Vitis vinifera?
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Vitis vinifera has a wide range of genetic variations useful for cultivar improvement.
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Vitis vinifera is susceptible to ______.
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What is Vitis aestivalis commonly known as?
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What is the common name for Vitis labrusca?
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Match the following American species of Euvitis with their common names:
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What resistance does Vitis berlandieri have?
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Which American species of Vitis is known for having high phylloxera resistance?
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What is the definition of Muscadinia?
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Study Notes
Family Vitaceae
- Consists of 14 genera and up to 900 species.
Genus Vitis
- Contains fewer than 60 species, with 18-30 found in North America.
- Divided into two subgenera:
- Euvitis: Includes "true grapes" with 38 chromosomes (2n=38), featuring most naturally occurring species.
- Muscadinia: Comprised of species with 40 chromosomes (2n=40).
Vitis vinifera (Subgenus Euvitis)
- The most cultivated grape species globally, known as "old world" grape.
- Includes two ancient wild types:
- V.vinifera sylvestris: Native to South/Central Europe, NW Africa, Israel, and Western Turkey.
- V.vinifera caucasia: Native to Ukraine, Central Asia, Iran, and Southern Russia.
- Offers wide genetic variation and is useful for cultivar improvement.
- Utilized in rootstock breeding for drought tolerance and high pH soil adaptability.
Issues with Vitis vinifera
- Highly susceptible to phylloxera, a small insect that damages grapevine roots and foliage.
American Species of Euvitis
- V.aestivalis (Summer grape): Grows strong, lacks phylloxera resistance, but is resistant to powdery mildew.
- V.arizonica (Canyon grape): A weaker grower, exhibits tolerance to Pierce's Disease and resistance to dagger nematodes.
- V.berlandieri (Winter grape): Develops the first phylloxera-resistant rootstock for Western Europe; tolerates powdery mildew and drought, known for aggressiveness but difficult to root.
- V.cinerea (Sweet winter grape): Effective climber in specific soils, offers good resistance to mildew but yields poor-quality fruit.
- V.labrusca (Fox grape): Known for cold hardiness and large berries, some dislike its distinct flavor; has powdery mildew and anthracnose resistance but is susceptible to phylloxera.
- V.riparia (Riverbank grape): Most widespread native species, great resistance to phylloxera, shallow-rooted, making it less vigorous as a rootstock.
- V.rupestris (Sand grape): Features a prostate growth habit and high vigor for drought tolerance; resilient to phylloxera, but intolerant of calcareous soils.
- V.mustangensis (Mustang grape): High climbing, vigorous with resistance to multiple diseases, intolerant of high pH soils.
Other American Species
- V.monticola: Native to the Texas hill country, potential for future value.
- V.champini: Found in central/southern Texas in high lime soils.
- V.doaniana: Located in Northwest Texas.
- V.lincecumii: Present in North and East Texas.
Muscadinia Subgenus
- V.rotundifolia (Muscadine grape): Spans eastern Texas to the Atlantic coast, known for beneficial genes for improving vinifera cultivars and hybrid rootstocks; shows good resistance to pests and diseases.
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