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Questions and Answers
What is one of the fundamental principles of cell theory?
What is one of the fundamental principles of cell theory?
Which of the following structures is considered the control center of a cell?
Which of the following structures is considered the control center of a cell?
What type of cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
What type of cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
Which statement about eukaryotic cells is true?
Which statement about eukaryotic cells is true?
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Identify the characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.
Identify the characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.
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What is the size range for prokaryotic cells?
What is the size range for prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all cells?
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What describes a unicellular organism?
What describes a unicellular organism?
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What significant contribution did Robert Hooke make to the study of cells?
What significant contribution did Robert Hooke make to the study of cells?
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Who was the first scientist to observe living cells under a microscope?
Who was the first scientist to observe living cells under a microscope?
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What did Matthias Schleiden contribute to cell theory?
What did Matthias Schleiden contribute to cell theory?
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What is the core idea of the cell theory proposed by Rudolf Virchow?
What is the core idea of the cell theory proposed by Rudolf Virchow?
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What was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's primary observation with his microscope?
What was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's primary observation with his microscope?
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Which pair of scientists contributed to the formulation of the cell theory in the early 19th century?
Which pair of scientists contributed to the formulation of the cell theory in the early 19th century?
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Which innovation did Hans and Zacharias Janssen contribute to microscopy?
Which innovation did Hans and Zacharias Janssen contribute to microscopy?
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What important conclusion did Rudolf Virchow emphasize in his contributions?
What important conclusion did Rudolf Virchow emphasize in his contributions?
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Study Notes
Cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
- Just like bricks build a house, cells are the building blocks of life.
- Living things are made up of cells.
- One square centimeter of skin contains over 100,000 cells.
History of the Cell
- In 1590, Zacharias Janssen and Hans Janssen invented the first compound microscope.
- In 1665, Robert Hooke discovered and named cells while looking at cork under a microscope.
- Cork, made of dead oak tree tissues, looked like the small rooms monks lived in.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch amateur scientist, observed some of the first living cells using a simple microscope (around 1683).
- He called these small organisms "animalcules".
- Some of the living cells observed were protozoa.
Microscope View of Cells
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see living cells.
- He improved the design of the microscope.
- He was able to see red blood cells and bacteria.
- He also called them "animalcules".
The Development of Cell Theory
- In 1838 and 1839, Matthias Schleiden (botanist) and Theodore Schwann (zoologist) discovered plants and animals are made of cells.
- In 1855, Rudolph Virchow collaborated with them to develop the Cell Theory.
Scientists of Cell Theory
- Theodore Schwann: Observed that animal tissues have cells (1839).
- Matthias Schleiden: Observed that plant tissues have cells (1845).
- Rudolf Virchow: Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cell Theory
- All living organisms are made up of cells.
- Cells are the basic units of life.
- Cells only come from other pre-existing cells.
Terms
- Cell: The smallest unit that carries out life's processes.
- Unicellular: Consisting of only one cell.
- Multicellular: Consisting of more than one cell.
Basic Cell Structures
- Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of a cell.
- Nucleus: The control center of a cell, containing DNA.
- Cytoplasm: The material between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Basic Types of Cells
- Cells come in various shapes and sizes.
- All cells have a plasma (cell) membrane—a boundary allowing materials to enter and exit the cell.
Differences in Cell Types
- Cells are divided into eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
- Eukaryotes: Have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
- Prokaryotes: Do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles (except ribosomes.)
- A nucleus is the central organelle containing genetic material (DNA).
- Organelles are specialized structures within cells carrying out vital functions.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells, often like bacteria, are unicellular.
- DNA is not found within a nucleus, but in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells, including animal and plant cells, have a membrane-bound nucleus.
- Eukaryotic cells also have membrane-bound organelles.
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