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Questions and Answers
What was the primary goal of Republic Act No. 6657?
What was the primary goal of Republic Act No. 6657?
Which institution was designated as the key government entity to facilitate land acquisition under CARL?
Which institution was designated as the key government entity to facilitate land acquisition under CARL?
What did Executive Order No. 228 specifically address in relation to CARL?
What did Executive Order No. 228 specifically address in relation to CARL?
Under RA 6657, which type of land was excluded from the scope of the law?
Under RA 6657, which type of land was excluded from the scope of the law?
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How were landowners compensated under Republic Act No. 6657?
How were landowners compensated under Republic Act No. 6657?
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What was the purpose of Proclamation No. 131 issued in 1987?
What was the purpose of Proclamation No. 131 issued in 1987?
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Which of the following best describes the outcome that RA 6657 aimed to achieve?
Which of the following best describes the outcome that RA 6657 aimed to achieve?
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What was the role of the Department of Agrarian Reform concerning RA 6657?
What was the role of the Department of Agrarian Reform concerning RA 6657?
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What was the primary goal of the ARCCESS program?
What was the primary goal of the ARCCESS program?
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Which program was aimed at improving agricultural productivity and financial stability for farmers during President Benigno Aquino III's administration?
Which program was aimed at improving agricultural productivity and financial stability for farmers during President Benigno Aquino III's administration?
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What is the primary purpose of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Organizations (ARBOs)?
What is the primary purpose of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Organizations (ARBOs)?
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How did the Legal Case Monitoring System (LCMS) aim to improve agrarian reform processes?
How did the Legal Case Monitoring System (LCMS) aim to improve agrarian reform processes?
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What was the primary aim of the 'Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo' program?
What was the primary aim of the 'Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo' program?
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What key aspect did the ARCCESS program focus on besides connecting ARCs to markets?
What key aspect did the ARCCESS program focus on besides connecting ARCs to markets?
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Which law extended the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
Which law extended the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
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Which factor is NOT associated with the Agrarian Production Credit Program?
Which factor is NOT associated with the Agrarian Production Credit Program?
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What was a major outcome intended by the ARBOs for agrarian reform beneficiaries?
What was a major outcome intended by the ARBOs for agrarian reform beneficiaries?
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During which president's administration was the 'Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo' initiated?
During which president's administration was the 'Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo' initiated?
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What significant feature did the 'Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo' program include?
What significant feature did the 'Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo' program include?
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Why was the ARCCESS program considered essential for ARBs?
Why was the ARCCESS program considered essential for ARBs?
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What was one of the goals of the CARPER Law enacted in 2009?
What was one of the goals of the CARPER Law enacted in 2009?
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Under which president were significant initiatives and programs related to agrarian reform particularly prominent?
Under which president were significant initiatives and programs related to agrarian reform particularly prominent?
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What does ARCCESS stand for in relation to agrarian reform programs?
What does ARCCESS stand for in relation to agrarian reform programs?
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What does the acronym ARBs refer to in the context of agrarian reform?
What does the acronym ARBs refer to in the context of agrarian reform?
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Study Notes
Constitutions in Philippine History
- A constitution is a set of fundamental rules that govern a country, outlining basic principles and laws.
- Key elements of a constitution include a preamble (core values), government structure (branches and powers), rights and freedoms, and an amendment process.
- Constitutions can be written (formal document) or unwritten (based on customs, traditions, and precedents).
- A constitution limits government power, provides stability, promotes justice, and reflects national identity.
Biak-na-Bato Constitution (1897)
- A provisional constitution established during the Philippine Revolution.
- Written in Spanish by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer.
- Established a revolutionary government with three branches (Supreme Council, Supreme Council of Grace and Justice, and Assembly of Representatives).
- Never implemented due to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
Malolos Constitution (1899)
- The first significant Filipino document, created by the people's representatives.
- Based on Spanish Constitution of 1812, with influences from other countries.
- Declared sovereignty resides with the people; stated basic civil rights, separated Church and state, called for a legislative assembly (Assembly of Representatives) and a parliamentary republic.
Acts of the US Congress (1902-1934)
- Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 defined fundamental political principles (structure, procedures, powers, duties of government) of the Philippines under US governance.
- The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 set the stage for Philippine independence.
Commonwealth Constitution (1935)
- Established the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935-1946), transitioning towards independence.
- Provided for a unicameral National Assembly.
- Amended in 1940 to become a bicameral Congress (Senate and House of Representatives).
- Granted women suffrage.
1943 Constitution
- Drafted by the Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence, appointed by Philippine Executive Commission.
- Promised independence in 1944.
- Retired Justice Jose P. Laurel was appointed president.
1973 Constitution
- Established a unicameral-style government.
- Legislative power vested in the Assembly.
- Executive power was vested in the Prime Minister.
- Passed during Marcos' administration, was a contentious moment, characterized by the declaration of martial law.
1986 Freedom Constitution
- Established following the 1986 People Power Revolution.
- A temporary constitution to ensure freedom of the people and the return to democratic rule.
1987 Constitution
- A new constitution was ratified following the 1986 revolution.
- The Constitution ensured civilian control over the military.
- Defined the structure and powers of the government.
Other Key Initiatives
- Various agrarian reform laws (e.g., Republic Act No. 6657) aimed at redistributing agricultural lands to tenant farmers.
- Land transfer moratoriums, restructuring of agrarian reform programs, and continuing efforts to implement land reform were all included to improve the agricultural industry.
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