Questions and Answers
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA copying?
Which of these terms refers to cell division for prokaryotes?
What occurs during telophase?
Spindles disappear, chromatids uncoil.
The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called ______.
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Describe cytokinesis in a plant cell.
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G1 phase is the stage where the cell prepares for division.
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What are polar fibers?
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In the G0 phase, what happens to cells?
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List the five main phases of the cell cycle and briefly explain what occurs during each phase.
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List the four phases of mitosis and briefly explain what occurs during each phase.
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Study Notes
Cell Division Phases
- G1 phase: Cell growth occurs, preparing for DNA synthesis.
- S phase: DNA replication takes place, resulting in duplicated chromosomes.
- G2 phase: Final preparations for cell division, including protein synthesis and organelle replication.
- Mitosis: Process where the nucleus divides into two nuclei.
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate cells.
Mitosis Stages
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the mitotic spindle begins to form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align on the cell's equatorial plane, attached to spindle fibers.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Nuclear membranes reform around each set of separated chromatids, spindles disappear.
Differences in Cell Division
- Binary fission is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide, unlike mitosis and meiosis, which are specific to eukaryotic cells.
- Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of a cell plate that becomes the new cell wall, distinguishing it from animal cell division which involves a cleavage furrow.
Important Structures and Terms
- Spindle fibers help separate and move chromosomes during mitosis.
- Polar fibers extend from centrosome to centrosome, supporting the separation of chromosomes.
- Kinetochore fibers attach to chromosomes at their centromere to facilitate movement.
- Centrioles are structures that help organize spindle fibers in animal cells.
Cell Cycle Phases and Their Importance
- G0 phase: Cells exit the cell cycle and enter a quiescent state; cannot proliferate unless reactivated.
- Failure to pass through the G1 phase results in smaller cells unable to progress to DNA synthesis and preparation phases.
Cell Cycle Implications
- If cells skip the G1 phase, they would be unable to properly grow and replicate DNA, leading to impaired cell function and division.
- Proper cytokinesis ensures successful separation of cells, maintaining genetic integrity and cellular function.
Illustrative Phases
- In visual representations of the mitotic phases:
- a represents Telophase.
- b represents Metaphase.
- c represents Prophase.
- d represents Anaphase.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell division with these flashcards covering key terms and phases of mitosis and meiosis. Understand the differences between interphase and mitotic stages, as well as the processes involved in binary fission. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams!
