URINARY medicine

Urine removed from the bladder by cystocentesis should contain ________ microorganisms

Long-term antibiotic therapy for cystitis should be based on:

Urethral plugs are made largely of

The two most common types of uroliths seen in the dog are:

Dalmatian dogs are predisposed to urate uroliths

Which of the following uroliths is not radiopaque

Which of the following drugs is nephrotoxic

In cats that present with the gait disturbance of cervical ventriflexion, which electrolyte needs to be checked

Older surgical veterinary patients should be provided intravenous fluids during surgery to prevent ________, which can cause acute renal failure.

Which of the following laboratory values can be increased because of diet?

Urethral closure in the female dog is primarily related to:

A bladder stone is 15 cm in diameter. It is most likely a ________ stone.

Diets high in animal protein may predispose the dog to what type of bladder stone?

The fluid of choice for acute renal failure patients is ________.

A nonmalignant inflammatory condition, previously known as feline urological syndrome or feline lower urinary tract disease, which occurs frequently in cats.

Obese male cat comes presents with hematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria, and inappropriate urination What do you suspect

Although bacterial urinary tract infection accounts for only 1% to 3% of all feline cystitis, it is the most common cause of cystitis in the dog.

Most uncomplicated urinary tract infections resolve without treatment.

Lean, younger cats (<2 years) appear to be predisposed to urolith formation.

The cat becomes azotemic within _____

A neutered male cat presents to the clinic straining to urinate, owner reports pet is crying and spending excessive time in the litter box. Patient has been vomiting, appears dehydrated What do you suspect

Patient comes in oliguria, polyuria, kidneys painful on palpation, dehydration, and history pinpoints recent toxin exposure What do you suspect

9y/o neutered canine presents to clinic with dullness, lethargy, weakness, weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia, gait disturbances, and sudden blindness. What do you suspect

CRF is a progressive, irreversible disease.

Neurogenic incontinence may be seen in animals with

Nonneurogenic causes of incontinence include

6y/o intact male dog presents with difficulty defecating and urinating (multiple attempts with small volumes), hematuria, dysuria, and serosanguineous discharge from the penis not related to urination What do you suspect