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Questions and Answers
What type of mixture has uniform composition?
What are the substances called that dissolve in a solvent?
Solutes
Match the following to their definitions:
Solvent = Substance that dissolves a solute Solute = Substance that is dissolved in the solvent Solution = Uniform homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent
Polar molecules are hydrophilic.
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According to the rule 'Like Dissolves In Like', which compounds will dissolve in each other?
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What property of water allows it to act as a universal solvent?
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Nonpolar molecules are hydrophilic.
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What forces are responsible for making a molecule polar?
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Study Notes
Mixtures
- A homogeneous mixture has uniform composition, like salt water or coffee.
- A heterogeneous mixture has non-uniform composition with different properties, like soil or cookies.
Solubility & Solutions
- A solvent dissolves a solute to form a solution.
- Solutes are dissolved in a solvent, forming a homogeneous mixture.
- The solubility of a substance is the amount that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature.
- Most solids dissolve better in hotter solvents.
- Polar solutes dissolve better in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
"Like Dissolves Like"
- Polar compounds dissolve polar compounds (e.g., water and sugar)
- Nonpolar compounds dissolve nonpolar compounds (e.g., oil and grease)
- Polar and nonpolar compounds do not dissolve in each other (e.g., water and oil).
Polar vs. Nonpolar Molecules
- Polar molecules have uneven electron sharing, creating a positive and negative "pole" (like a battery).
- Polar molecules are hydrophilic (water-loving)
- Nonpolar molecules have even electron sharing, resulting in no distinct positive or negative areas.
- Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic (water-fearing).
Water - The Universal Solvent
- Water is a polar molecule due to oxygen's higher electronegativity.
- The oxygen end has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a partial positive charge.
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
- Charged molecules (ionic and polar) are hydrophilic, attracted to water, and water-soluble.
- Uncharged molecules (nonpolar) are hydrophobic, repelled by water, and not water-soluble.
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