7th Class Memory Science: Environment and Ecology

Environmental Science

• Environment refers to the surroundings in which plants, animals, and humans live and interact.

Natural Environment

• Components of the natural environment include air and water.
• Natural resources are resources found in nature with economic value.

Deforestation and Afforestation

• Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees in large numbers.
• Afforestation is the process of planting trees in a barren area.

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

• An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment.
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants and animals in an area.

Pollution and Conservation

• Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the environment, causing adverse effects.
• Conservation refers to the act of preserving, guarding, or protecting the natural environment, resources, and wildlife.

Human Impact on the Environment

• Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and the use of non-renewable resources can have a negative impact on the environment.
• Urbanization refers to the growth and expansion of cities.

Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

• Renewable resources are resources that can be naturally replaced or replenished within a human lifespan.
• Non-renewable resources are resources that are finite and cannot be easily replaced or regenerated.

Environmental Issues

• Desertification refers to the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
• Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth's average temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases.
• The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone molecules, which absorbs and blocks ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Ecotourism and Watersheds

• Ecotourism refers to sustainable tourism that supports conservation efforts.
• A watershed is an area of land where all of the water that falls within it drains or flows downhill into a common waterbody, such as a river, lake, or ocean.

Indian Government and Constitution

• The head of the state in India is the President.
• The highest lawmaking body in India is the Parliament.
• The Constitution of India deals with the fundamental rights of citizens in Part III.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is considered the father of the Indian Constitution.

Healthcare and Pandemics

• Healthcare refers to the system of providing medical care to individuals.
• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the governmental organization responsible for public health policies in India.
• A pandemic refers to a disease that spreads across a large region or even worldwide.