Untitled Quiz

Questions and Answers

What type of bonds does carbon typically form to create biomolecules?

covalent

A _ is a specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton.

functional group

A molecule that is soluble in water is said to be?

hydrophilic

A _ is a bio-molecule that is formed by linking together a large number of monomers.

polymer Signup and view all the answers

The chemistry of living organisms is called?

organic chemistry Signup and view all the answers

The category of biological molecule called _ are almost universally used as an immediate energy source for living organisms.

carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

A carbon atom has six electrons. How are these electrons shared in its atomic orbital shells?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are functional groups in organic biomolecules?

phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

This sugar maltose is best classified as a?

disaccharide Signup and view all the answers

Polysaccharides are composed of carbohydrate monomers called?

monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Select the functions of carbohydrates.

Structural components of organisms Signup and view all the answers

Cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan are all examples of _ polysaccharides.

structural Signup and view all the answers

Simple carbohydrates composed of a single unit, like the sugars glucose or ribose, are commonly called?

monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Identify the elements found in glucose.

oxygen, hydrogen, carbon Signup and view all the answers

Identify the key feature of a lipid.

insoluble in water Signup and view all the answers

Two monosaccharides joined together will form a?

disaccharide Signup and view all the answers

The subunits of a triglyceride are?

fatty acids and glycerol Signup and view all the answers

A long carbohydrate polymer that consists of many monosaccharides is called a?

polysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best describes a population?

the members of a species in a given area Signup and view all the answers

A valence shell is best described as?

outermost electron shell of an atom Signup and view all the answers

A cell is to a tissue as an atom is to a?

molecule Signup and view all the answers

A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

simple sugars Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to most exclusive.

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Carbohydrates are used as an immediate energy source. Signup and view all the answers

Organic molecules are those that contain at least?

carbon and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is used to store energy in the liver?

glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?

atom, molecule, organelle, cell Signup and view all the answers

Living organisms are characterized by?

all of the choices pertain to living organisms Signup and view all the answers

An atom's atomic mass is best described as the mass of?

protons and neutrons it contains Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?

An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element. Signup and view all the answers

Arrange in order, the levels of ecological study from most inclusive to most exclusive.

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, individual organism Signup and view all the answers

In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis?

observation Signup and view all the answers

Select the structural polysaccharides from the choices.

cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which elements make up the backbone of a lipid?

hydrogen and carbon Signup and view all the answers

The major form of lipid in food and in the body. They consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.

triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

Most of the fatty acids in cells contain an even number of carbons with?

16 or 18 Signup and view all the answers

Each triglyceride contains a single subunit of?

glycerol Signup and view all the answers

A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain is said to be a(n)?

unsaturated fatty acid Signup and view all the answers

Which form of cholesterol is often referred to as LDL?

(low-density lipoprotein) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the key feature of a lipid.

insoluble in water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid contains glycerol and a polar, phosphate group bonded to two nonpolar, fatty acid tails?

phospholipid Signup and view all the answers

Lipids that contain four fused, carbon rings, and which includes cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are?

steroids Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct source of LDLs.

trans fats Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid contains alcohol as its functional groups?

waxes Signup and view all the answers

Identify the molecules that make up a phospholipid.

glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group Signup and view all the answers

Which is the main role of proteins in cells?

structural and functional molecules Signup and view all the answers

Each triglyceride contains a single subunit of?

glycerol Signup and view all the answers

Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the cell are known as?

enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Keratin and collagen are examples of which class of proteins?

structural proteins Signup and view all the answers

A _ is a lipid with a long-chain fatty acid bound to carbon chains containing alcohol.

wax Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is hemoglobin classified as?

protein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes all enzymes?

they speed up chemical reactions in the cell Signup and view all the answers

Are proteins that bind to, and thus help to destroy, foreign substances. These are called disease-causing organisms.

antibodies Signup and view all the answers

The building blocks of proteins are?

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Identify the structures that are composed of keratin and/or collagen.

tendons, ligaments, hair Signup and view all the answers

Multiple amino acids join together to form?

polypeptides or proteins Signup and view all the answers

True or false: All proteins have four levels of structural organization.

False Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen is transported by the blood in animals with the help of a blood protein called?

hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

The primary structure of a protein is formed by which of these?

the sequence of its amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Antibodies are a type of?

defensive protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common shape for a fibrous protein?

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biomolecules and Their Components

Carbon forms covalent bonds to create biomolecules, allowing complex structures.
Functional groups are specific combinations of bonded atoms that dictate chemical reactivity, regardless of carbon skeleton.
Hydrophilic molecules are water-soluble, contrasting with lipids, which are typically insoluble in water.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates serve as immediate energy sources and structural components of organisms.
They are classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two monosaccharides linked), and polysaccharides (many monosaccharides linked).
Key examples include glucose (C6H12O6) and glycogen (energy storage in the liver).
Structural polysaccharides include cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan.

Lipids

The hallmark of lipids is their insolubility in water, including triglycerides (three fatty acids and glycerol) and phospholipids (glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group).
Fatty acids can be saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (one or more double bonds).
Cholesterol forms LDL and serves important biological functions, while trans fats are known sources of LDL.
Waxes are long-chain fatty acids bound to alcohols, while steroids consist of fused carbon rings.

Proteins

Proteins are structural and functional molecules in cells, composed of amino acids linked into polypeptides.
Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions, while antibodies are defensive proteins that help eliminate foreign pathogens.
Hemoglobin is a protein that transports oxygen in the blood.
Protein structure can vary, with the primary structure defined by the sequence of amino acids.

Atomic Structure and Classification

Carbon atoms typically have six electrons, with four available for bonding.
A valence shell refers to the outermost electron shell of an atom.
The atomic mass is determined by the combined mass of protons and neutrons.
In biological organization, entities are classified from most to least inclusive: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Ecological Hierarchy and Scientific Method

Levels of ecological study are organized as biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, and individual organism.
The scientific method begins with observation before forming hypotheses to investigate phenomena.

Summary and Characteristics of Life

Living organisms are characterized by a range of traits, encompassing all choices related to life.
Organic molecules must contain carbon and hydrogen, fundamental in forming life's building blocks.
Understanding the elements composing biomolecules, such as glucose (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen), is vital in biological studies.

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Untitled Quiz

Questions and Answers

What type of bonds does carbon typically form to create biomolecules?

A _ is a specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton.

A molecule that is soluble in water is said to be?

A _ is a bio-molecule that is formed by linking together a large number of monomers.

The chemistry of living organisms is called?

The category of biological molecule called _ are almost universally used as an immediate energy source for living organisms.

A carbon atom has six electrons. How are these electrons shared in its atomic orbital shells?

Which of the following are functional groups in organic biomolecules?

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

This sugar maltose is best classified as a?

Polysaccharides are composed of carbohydrate monomers called?

Select the functions of carbohydrates.

Cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan are all examples of _ polysaccharides.

Simple carbohydrates composed of a single unit, like the sugars glucose or ribose, are commonly called?

Identify the elements found in glucose.

Identify the key feature of a lipid.

Two monosaccharides joined together will form a?

The subunits of a triglyceride are?

A long carbohydrate polymer that consists of many monosaccharides is called a?

Which definition best describes a population?

A valence shell is best described as?

A cell is to a tissue as an atom is to a?

A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to most exclusive.

Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Organic molecules are those that contain at least?

Which carbohydrate is used to store energy in the liver?

Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?

Living organisms are characterized by?

An atom's atomic mass is best described as the mass of?

Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?

Arrange in order, the levels of ecological study from most inclusive to most exclusive.

In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis?

Select the structural polysaccharides from the choices.

Which elements make up the backbone of a lipid?

The major form of lipid in food and in the body. They consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.

Most of the fatty acids in cells contain an even number of carbons with?

Each triglyceride contains a single subunit of?

A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain is said to be a(n)?

Which form of cholesterol is often referred to as LDL?

Identify the key feature of a lipid.

Which type of lipid contains glycerol and a polar, phosphate group bonded to two nonpolar, fatty acid tails?

Lipids that contain four fused, carbon rings, and which includes cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are?

Identify the correct source of LDLs.

Which type of lipid contains alcohol as its functional groups?

Identify the molecules that make up a phospholipid.

Which is the main role of proteins in cells?

Each triglyceride contains a single subunit of?

Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the cell are known as?

Keratin and collagen are examples of which class of proteins?

A _ is a lipid with a long-chain fatty acid bound to carbon chains containing alcohol.

What type of molecule is hemoglobin classified as?

Which of the following describes all enzymes?

Are proteins that bind to, and thus help to destroy, foreign substances. These are called disease-causing organisms.

The building blocks of proteins are?

Identify the structures that are composed of keratin and/or collagen.

Multiple amino acids join together to form?

True or false: All proteins have four levels of structural organization.

Oxygen is transported by the blood in animals with the help of a blood protein called?

The primary structure of a protein is formed by which of these?

Antibodies are a type of?

What is the most common shape for a fibrous protein?

Study Notes

Biomolecules and Their Components

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Atomic Structure and Classification

Ecological Hierarchy and Scientific Method

Summary and Characteristics of Life

Studying That Suits You

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