Questions and Answers
Who was Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando?
Italy
What was the Big Four?
The four most important leaders at the Paris Peace Conference: Woodrow Wilson (USA), David Lloyd George (UK), George Clemenceau (France), and Vittorio Orlando (Italy).
Who was President Woodrow Wilson?
President of the United States
Who was Prime Minister David Lloyd?
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What were the Fourteen Points?
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What are reparations?
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What was the League of Nations?
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What was the Treaty of Versailles?
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What was the Balfour Declaration?
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What are mandates?
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What does January 1919 signify in the context of World War I?
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What is a compromise?
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What does 'territory' refer to in post-World War I context?
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What does responsibility refer to in the context of Germany after World War I?
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What does international relations mean?
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What does military strength refer to?
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Who were the Big Four leaders and what nations did they represent?
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How did President Woodrow Wilson's goals differ from those of the other three members of the Big Four?
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Why did Germany feel its treaty had the harshest terms?
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What limits on the power of the League of Nations helped weaken it?
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What five losing nations received treaties from the Allies at the end of World War I?
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What did Great Britain issue?
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The Jewish settlement of the territory led to the creation of?
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What was unique about the goals of the Big Four?
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What did the Treaty of Versailles force Germany to do?
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Study Notes
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
- Italian Prime Minister during World War I and a key figure in the peace negotiations.
Big Four
- Major leaders at the Paris Peace Conference included Woodrow Wilson (USA), David Lloyd George (UK), George Clemenceau (France), and Vittorio Orlando (Italy).
President Woodrow Wilson
- Served as President of the United States and proposed the Fourteen Points for lasting peace.
Prime Minister David Lloyd George
- British Prime Minister who represented the UK in the Big Four discussions.
Fourteen Points
- A framework presented by Woodrow Wilson aimed at establishing a sustainable peace following World War I.
Reparations
- Germany was mandated to pay reparations to Allied nations as stipulated in the Treaty of Versailles.
League of Nations
- An international organization founded in 1920 intended to foster global cooperation and maintain peace.
Treaty of Versailles
- The formal agreement between the Allies and Germany which concluded World War I.
Balfour Declaration
- British statement that promised the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine in return for Jewish support during WWI.
Mandates
- Territories governed by an external nation under the authority of the League of Nations.
January 1919
- Meeting point for 27 Allied nations to deliberate post-war agreements.
Compromise
- A method to resolve disputes where each party concedes some of its demands for a consensus.
Territory
- Redefined national boundaries in Eastern Europe following the war.
Responsibility
- Germany was obliged to accept responsibility for the war's outbreak and repercussions.
International Relations
- The establishment of the League of Nations to improve diplomatic interactions between countries.
Military Strength
- Refers to a nation’s ability to engage in warfare, considering personnel and materials available.
Big Four Leaders and Their Nations
- Leaders: Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando represented the USA, UK, France, and Italy, respectively.
Differing Goals of Woodrow Wilson
- Wilson aimed for a more idealistic peace through his Fourteen Points, contrasting the other leaders' more punitive approaches.
Germany's Treaty Discontent
- Germany felt the Treaty of Versailles imposed severe and unjust terms, including loss of territory and military restrictions.
Limitations of the League of Nations
- The League had insufficient power to enforce decisions, weakening its ability to resolve international conflicts effectively.
Treaties for Losing Nations
- Five defeated nations in WWI were assigned treaties which redefined their borders and governance.
Balfour Declaration Issuance
- Issued by Great Britain, it laid the groundwork for future Jewish settlement in Palestine.
Creation of Israel
- The Jewish settlement initiated by the Balfour Declaration ultimately contributed to the establishment of Israel post-World War II.
Individual Goals of the Big Four
- Each leader had distinct national aims and vision for post-war peace, often conflicting with one another.
Treaty of Versailles Provisions
- Germany was compelled to pay reparations, yield territory, and reduce its military arsenal as penalties for the war.
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