Untitled Quiz

The goal of sterilization in microbiology is to remove all microorganisms, making an item absolutely free of microbes, endospores, and viruses.

Pasteurization is a brief heat treatment to reduce organisms causing food spoilage and to protect heat-sensitive products.

<p>Bacteriostatic refers to inhibiting, but not killing, microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>D-value is the time required to kill 90% of a microbial population at a specific temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of microbes, environment (organic matter, temperature, biofilms), time of exposure, and microbial characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disinfection removes pathogens from inanimate objects, while antisepsis removes pathogens from living tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, making it selective for Gram-negative organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Such a medium inhibits certain microorganisms while allowing others to grow and differentiates between them based on specific biochemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used for isolating osmotolerant bacteria and differentiating those that ferment mannitol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterilization removes all microbial life, while sanitization reduces microbial counts to safe levels on surfaces and utensils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commercial sterilization specifically targets the destruction of Clostridium botulinum endospores in canned goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration physically removes microorganisms from air or liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes how a fixed proportion of microbial cells die per unit of time during treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood agar helps identify bacteria based on their hemolytic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH indicators detect metabolic byproducts, such as acid production, and change color accordingly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its lactose and pH indicator allow differentiation between lactose-fermenting and non-fermenting bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat sterilization (autoclaving) and chemical sterilization (ethylene oxide gas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not achieve sterilization but only reduces the number of pathogens and spoilage organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irradiation damages microbial DNA, preventing replication and survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a selective medium used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae by inhibiting contaminating organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat sterilization kills microorganisms by denaturing their proteins and disrupting their membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disinfectants are used on inanimate surfaces, while antiseptics are used on living tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofilms are structured microbial communities attached to surfaces, often making microbes more resistant to control methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HTST effectively kills pathogens while preserving milk’s nutritional and sensory qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A biocide kills microorganisms, while a bacteriostatic agent inhibits their growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemically defined medium has a known, precise chemical composition, allowing for controlled experimental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It physically traps microorganisms within the pores of a filter, effectively removing them from liquids or air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV light damages microbial DNA, preventing replication and leading to cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic matter can shield microbes from disinfectants, reducing their effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a combination of autoclaving surgical tools, UV light for surface disinfection, and chemical sterilants for heat-sensitive equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic matter can block UV light, preventing it from reaching microorganisms effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moist heat sterilization is more reliable, but it can damage heat-sensitive devices, where chemical disinfectants would be better suited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use MacConkey agar to differentiate lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria from other contaminants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combine chemical disinfectants like chlorine with mechanical removal methods (scrubbing or ultrasonic cleaning) to disrupt biofilms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The higher viscosity of cream reduces heat penetration, requiring longer treatment times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benefits: Sterilization of heat-sensitive tools; risks: toxicity, flammability, requires special equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculate the time needed to achieve a specific microbial reduction at a given temperature to ensure safety while preserving food quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Include daily cleaning with chemical disinfectants, weekly heat sterilization of machinery, and regular microbial testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofilms provide a physical barrier and a supportive environment, reducing disinfectant penetration and effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoclaving is cost-effective and widely used but unsuitable for heat-sensitive materials, while gamma irradiation is better for packaged and heat-sensitive items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use sterile packaging and seal them in airtight containers to prevent microbial contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observe hemolysis patterns to identify pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes based on their ability to lyse red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid or dense foods can prevent uniform heat penetration, leaving some microbes unaffected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical disinfectants are practical and easy to use but less reliable than heat sterilization for complete microbial elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a combination of chemical disinfectants and UV sterilization, ensuring no residues remain on bottles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use strict sterilization protocols, limit antibiotic use, and monitor for resistant strains regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic residues can insulate microbes from heat and prevent complete sterilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV light leaves no chemical residue but doesn't provide residual protection like ozone does</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use portable autoclaves or chemical sterilants for heat-sensitive equipment and prioritize single-use sterile items when possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers