Untitled Quiz

Phagocytosis is crucial as it allows immune cells to engulf and eliminate pathogens, preventing the spread of infection.

The complement system helps to break down pathogen cell walls, attracts phagocytes, and stimulates inflammation.

The inflammatory response increases blood flow, activates phagocytes, and enhances capillary permeability to limit the spread of infection.

<p>Fever is triggered by pyrogens and serves to elevate body temperature to accelerate tissue metabolism and inhibit pathogen growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis is the movement of phagocytic cells towards infected tissue in response to chemical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lymphatic system is responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases through immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonspecific defenses are present at birth and do not differentiate between threats, while specific defenses develop after exposure to pathogens and target particular threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical barriers, such as skin, mucous membranes, and secretions like tears and sweat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytes engulf and digest foreign particles and pathogens as part of the immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons are signaling proteins that inhibit viral replication and activate immune cells in response to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inflammatory response is a protective mechanism involving redness, heat, swelling, and pain to isolate and eliminate harmful stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever raises body temperature to create an unfavorable environment for pathogens and enhances the efficiency of immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tears and stomach acid are two examples of secretions that help flush away and kill microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrogens reset the thermostat in the hypothalamus, leading to increased body temperature which can aid in fighting infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fever increases body metabolism and accelerates immune defenses, helping to combat infections more effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin and mucous membranes are examples of physical barriers that prevent pathogen access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytes, such as microphages and macrophages, remove debris and pathogens from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis is the movement of immune cells towards sites of infection, guided by chemical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NK cells destroy abnormal cells using perforins, which create large pores in the target cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons are released by activated lymphocytes and help coordinate defenses against viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased body temperatures can inhibit the growth of some bacteria and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diapedesis is the process by which immune cells move out of the bloodstream and into tissues to reach sites of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysozymes are destructive enzymes found in secretions such as sweat and sebaceous glands that help break down pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes, cell debris, and other foreign material through phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main pathways are the Classical pathway and the Alternative pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the Classical pathway, C1 binds to an antibody attached to an antigen, leading to a cascade that activates C proteins and produces C3b.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microphages (like neutrophils and eosinophils) enter tissues to fight infection, while macrophages are derived from monocytes and are actively phagocytic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diapedesis is the movement of phagocytic cells through the capillary wall into tissues, allowing them to reach sites of injury or infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C3b is the active form of C3 that promotes opsonization, aiding in the binding of pathogens to phagocytes for destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opsonization is the process by which C proteins bind to antibodies on pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to engulf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons trigger the production of antiviral proteins in normal cells, which inhibit viral replication and stimulate macrophages and NK cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural killer (NK) cells recognize abnormal cells by detecting non-normal antigens present on their membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The MAC forms pores in the membranes of target cells, leading to cell lysis and destruction of the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perforin creates pores in the membranes of target cells, leading to their lysis and destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Alternative pathway is triggered by direct interactions among complement proteins in the presence of bacteria, parasites, or virus-infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation increases blood flow to the area, disposes of foreign materials, and aids in tissue repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NK cells attack any cell that presents foreign antigens, regardless of the identity of the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interferons stimulate the activities of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of the complement system results in increased inflammation, chemotaxis of phagocytes, stimulation of phagocytosis, and formation of the MAC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis guides phagocytic cells to sites of infection or injury by responding to chemical signals in surrounding fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of complement proteins is to enhance the immune response by facilitating the destruction of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microphages, such as neutrophils, are smaller and enter tissues from the bloodstream, whereas macrophages are larger, derived from monocytes, and can be fixed or free-moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local inflammation results in redness, swelling, heat, and pain at the site of injury or infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers