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Questions and Answers

Which system consists of a child's immediate environment such as family and friends?

  • Exosystem
  • Microsystem (correct)
  • Macrosystem
  • Mesosystem
  • What is the role of the mesosystem in Bronfenbrenner’s theory?

  • It comprises interactions between different microsystems. (correct)
  • It encompasses significant life events.
  • It includes cultural values and beliefs.
  • It affects children without direct interaction.
  • Which ecosystem is affected by factors like economic and political systems?

  • Chronosystem
  • Exosystem
  • Mesosystem
  • Macrosystem (correct)
  • In Bronfenbrenner's theory, which system pertains to influences that indirectly affect a child’s life?

    <p>Exosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system considers significant events that occur during an individual's life?

    <p>Chronosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Zone of Proximal Development refer to?

    <p>Skills that a child can perform with assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's views on learning?

    <p>Vygotsky believed learning is continuous, whereas Piaget viewed it as stage-based.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best represents Vygotsky’s beliefs about learning?

    <p>Learning is significantly influenced by social interactions and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are scaffolds in the context of Vygotsky's theory?

    <p>Temporary aids that support skill acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Vygotsky’s views on child learning contrast with Piaget’s?

    <p>Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interactions, while Piaget emphasized solitary experimentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to understanding that an object can belong to more than one group?

    <p>Class inclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ability involves solving a riddle about the heights of three individuals?

    <p>Transitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows children to understand that if $8 + 7 = 15$, then $15 - 7$ must equal what?

    <p>Reversibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the understanding that $8$ is greater than $7$?

    <p>Seriation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children learn that making mistakes is part of the learning process?

    <p>By being reassured that mistakes are normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive skill allows children to understand all numbers in the range from $400$ to $499$ belong to the $400s$?

    <p>Classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reasoning behind a child understanding that their grandparent cannot see the toy they are holding over the phone?

    <p>Perspective-taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cognitive abilities refers to the understanding of relationships between objects?

    <p>Transitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of secondary circular reactions in children aged 4–8 months?

    <p>Involving the manipulation of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic behavior is typical of children during the teriary circular reactions stage?

    <p>Experimenting with different object combinations for sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children begin to demonstrate goal-directed behavior by combining schemata?

    <p>8–12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of egocentric thinking in children aged 2–7 years?

    <p>Assumption that others share their understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play is common in the preoperational stage for children?

    <p>Pretend play with dolls and household items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies symbolic thought in children aged 18–24 months?

    <p>Choosing objects based on anticipated sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant application related to egocentric thinking in children?

    <p>Reassuring them they are not to blame for unrelated events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves children intentionally repeating reflexive actions like finger sucking?

    <p>Primary circular reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic drives do evolutionary approaches recognize as influencing human traits?

    <p>Survival and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of ethology in relation to behavior?

    <p>The genetics and evolution of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly aligns with the goals of behavioral genetics?

    <p>To understand how both genetics and environment affect behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the psychoanalytic theory of Freud?

    <p>It emphasizes unconscious thoughts and drives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is commonly stressed in Erikson's psychosocial theory?

    <p>Identity crises and social connectedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the evolutionary approach typically evaluate traits?

    <p>By determining how traits support survival or reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common application of the psychodynamic approach?

    <p>Providing infants with pacifiers for oral satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary way that infants learn in the sensorimotor stage?

    <p>Through exploring the world with their senses and motor activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes psychodynamic theories from evolutionary approaches?

    <p>Psychodynamic theories center on identity development stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does object permanence refer to in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Recognizing that objects exist even when they are out of sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities would best support an infant's development of deferred imitation?

    <p>Having the infant watch an adult stack blocks and then allowing the infant to try it the next day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary applications for supporting learning in the sensorimotor stage?

    <p>Providing opportunities for children to explore various object properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a behavior during the substage of inborn reflexes?

    <p>Sucking when a nipple is placed in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of development begins to emerge in the sensorimotor stage?

    <p>Symbolic thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to provide safe spaces and objects for infants during the sensorimotor stage?

    <p>To allow safe exploration and sensory experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the sensorimotor stage, how do children begin to think about objects?

    <p>They can think about objects even when they are absent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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