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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most common cardiac mass, often associated with tuberous sclerosis?

  • Angiofibroma
  • Rhabdomyoma (correct)
  • Epilepsy
  • Intellectual disability

What are the signs and symptoms of Rhabdomyomas?

  • Congestive heart failure
  • Pericardial effusion
  • Hydrops
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the definition of an overriding aorta?

  • Aorta positioned over the left ventricle (LV)
  • Aorta positioned over the pulmonary artery (PA)
  • Aorta positioned over a ventricular septal defect (VSD) (correct)
  • Aorta positioned over the right ventricle (RV)

Which cardiac anomaly is associated with an overriding aorta?

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four abnormalities seen in Tetralogy of Fallot?

<p>Overriding Ao, VSD, RVOT/Pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the displacement of the aorta in Tetralogy of Fallot?

<p>To the right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac anomaly is associated with aorta displacement to the right?

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cardiac mass, often associated with tuberous sclerosis?

<p>Rhabdomyoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of Rhabdomyomas?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an overriding aorta?

<p>Aorta positioned over a ventricular septal defect (VSD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sonographic finding of fetal congestive heart failure?

<p>Pericardial effusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Complete Transposition of Great Vessels?

<p>The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Truncus Arteriosus?

<p>Ventricular septal defect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Double Outlet Right Ventricle?

<p>The great vessels may run parallel to each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Premature Closure or Constriction of Ductus Arteriosus?

<p>Abnormal closure of the ductus arteriosus before birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Complete Transposition of Great Vessels?

<p>Ventricular septal defect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by Cardiomegaly

<p>Decreased thoracic circumference to heart circumference ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Truncus Arteriosus?

<p>A single arterial trunk arises from the heart and outflowing vessels arise from the truncus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by pericardial effusion plus fluid accumulating somewhere else in the fetus?

<p>Hydrops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Double Outlet Right Ventricle?

<p>Ventricular septal defect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the fetal GI tract anatomy discussed in the text?

<p>Spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sonographic feature of the liver?

<p>Homogeneous echotexture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

<p>Hepatomegaly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the normal liver anatomy discussed in the text?

<p>Spleen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which textbook is referenced for information on normal liver anatomy?

<p>Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 7th Edition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature of the liver discussed in the text?

<p>Smooth margins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which textbook is referenced for information on liver sonographic features?

<p>Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th Edition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

<p>Hepatomegaly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hepatomegaly in a fetus?

<p>Isoimmunization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly in a fetus?

<p>Isoimmunization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common abnormality seen in the gallbladder and biliary tract of a fetus?

<p>Cholelithiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

<p>Type 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature of a normal spleen?

<p>Homogeneous echotexture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spatial relationship of the spleen in the fetal abdomen?

<p>C and D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature of a normal gallbladder?

<p>Conical, fluid-filled, anechoic structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature that distinguishes the gallbladder from vascular structures?

<p>Location, shape, and lack of Doppler flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis if the gallbladder is not visualized on ultrasound?

<p>Biliary atresia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis if a cystic mass in the abdomen communicates with the stomach?

<p>Duodenal atresia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by Cardiomegaly?

<p>Fluid accumulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Double Outlet Right Ventricle?

<p>Aorta displacement to the right (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Truncus Arteriosus?

<p>Aorta displacement to the right (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Complete Transposition of Great Vessels?

<p>Aorta displacement to the right (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common associated finding in Tetralogy of Fallot?

<p>Aorta displacement to the right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

<p>Hepatomegaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

<p>Type I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature of the liver discussed in the text?

<p>Flat shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located to the left of the umbilical vein?

<p>Gallbladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the fetal GI tract anatomy discussed in the text?

<p>Spleen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

<p>Hepatomegaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature that distinguishes the gallbladder from vascular structures?

<p>Mobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

<p>Type I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by cardiomegaly and fluid accumulating somewhere else in the fetus?

<p>Hydrops fetalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an overriding aorta?

<p>Aorta positioned above the ventricular septal defect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spatial relationship of the spleen in the fetal abdomen?

<p>To the left of the stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four abnormalities seen in Tetralogy of Fallot?

<p>Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects with the right portal vein and curves toward the stomach in a fetus with persistent right umbilical vein?

<p>Ductus venosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sonographic feature of a normal right umbilical vein in a fetus?

<p>Connects with the right portal vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis if a cystic mass in the abdomen communicates with the stomach?

<p>Gastroschisis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of gastroschisis?

<p>Early obstruction of left umbilical vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis if the gallbladder is not visualized on ultrasound?

<p>Biliary atresia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of hepatomegaly in a fetus?

<p>Congestive heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of splenomegaly in a fetus?

<p>Congestive heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of a large paraspinal solid mass with a single cystic component in the fetal abdomen?

<p>Neuroblastoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis if a fetus has an abdominal wall defect allowing bowel to herniate out of the peritoneal cavity, typically to the right of the umbilicus?

<p>Gastroschisis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of a partially cystic mass in the fetal abdomen?

<p>Neuroblastoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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