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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most common cardiac mass, often associated with tuberous sclerosis?

  • Angiofibroma
  • Rhabdomyoma (correct)
  • Epilepsy
  • Intellectual disability

    • What are the signs and symptoms of Rhabdomyomas?

  • Congestive heart failure
  • Pericardial effusion
  • Hydrops
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the definition of an overriding aorta?

  • Aorta positioned over the left ventricle (LV)
  • Aorta positioned over the pulmonary artery (PA)
  • Aorta positioned over a ventricular septal defect (VSD) (correct)
  • Aorta positioned over the right ventricle (RV)

    • Which cardiac anomaly is associated with an overriding aorta?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four abnormalities seen in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Overriding Ao, VSD, RVOT/Pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the displacement of the aorta in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>To the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac anomaly is associated with aorta displacement to the right?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cardiac mass, often associated with tuberous sclerosis?

    <p>Rhabdomyoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of Rhabdomyomas?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an overriding aorta?

    <p>Aorta positioned over a ventricular septal defect (VSD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sonographic finding of fetal congestive heart failure?

    <p>Pericardial effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Complete Transposition of Great Vessels?

    <p>The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Truncus Arteriosus?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Double Outlet Right Ventricle?

    <p>The great vessels may run parallel to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Premature Closure or Constriction of Ductus Arteriosus?

    <p>Abnormal closure of the ductus arteriosus before birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Complete Transposition of Great Vessels?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by Cardiomegaly

    <p>Decreased thoracic circumference to heart circumference ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Truncus Arteriosus?

    <p>A single arterial trunk arises from the heart and outflowing vessels arise from the truncus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by pericardial effusion plus fluid accumulating somewhere else in the fetus?

    <p>Hydrops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Double Outlet Right Ventricle?

    <p>Ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is NOT part of the fetal GI tract anatomy discussed in the text?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sonographic feature of the liver?

    <p>Homogeneous echotexture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is NOT part of the normal liver anatomy discussed in the text?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which textbook is referenced for information on normal liver anatomy?

    <p>Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 7th Edition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature of the liver discussed in the text?

    <p>Smooth margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which textbook is referenced for information on liver sonographic features?

    <p>Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th Edition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hepatomegaly in a fetus?

    <p>Isoimmunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of splenomegaly in a fetus?

    <p>Isoimmunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common abnormality seen in the gallbladder and biliary tract of a fetus?

    <p>Cholelithiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

    <p>Type 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature of a normal spleen?

    <p>Homogeneous echotexture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spatial relationship of the spleen in the fetal abdomen?

    <p>C and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature of a normal gallbladder?

    <p>Conical, fluid-filled, anechoic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature that distinguishes the gallbladder from vascular structures?

    <p>Location, shape, and lack of Doppler flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis if the gallbladder is not visualized on ultrasound?

    <p>Biliary atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis if a cystic mass in the abdomen communicates with the stomach?

    <p>Duodenal atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by Cardiomegaly?

    <p>Fluid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Double Outlet Right Ventricle?

    <p>Aorta displacement to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Truncus Arteriosus?

    <p>Aorta displacement to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Complete Transposition of Great Vessels?

    <p>Aorta displacement to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common associated finding in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Aorta displacement to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature of the liver discussed in the text?

    <p>Flat shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located to the left of the umbilical vein?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT part of the fetal GI tract anatomy discussed in the text?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common liver abnormality discussed in the text?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature that distinguishes the gallbladder from vascular structures?

    <p>Mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of choledochal cyst?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic finding in fetal congestive heart failure characterized by cardiomegaly and fluid accumulating somewhere else in the fetus?

    <p>Hydrops fetalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an overriding aorta?

    <p>Aorta positioned above the ventricular septal defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spatial relationship of the spleen in the fetal abdomen?

    <p>To the left of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four abnormalities seen in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects with the right portal vein and curves toward the stomach in a fetus with persistent right umbilical vein?

    <p>Ductus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sonographic feature of a normal right umbilical vein in a fetus?

    <p>Connects with the right portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis if a cystic mass in the abdomen communicates with the stomach?

    <p>Gastroschisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of gastroschisis?

    <p>Early obstruction of left umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis if the gallbladder is not visualized on ultrasound?

    <p>Biliary atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of hepatomegaly in a fetus?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of splenomegaly in a fetus?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of a large paraspinal solid mass with a single cystic component in the fetal abdomen?

    <p>Neuroblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis if a fetus has an abdominal wall defect allowing bowel to herniate out of the peritoneal cavity, typically to the right of the umbilicus?

    <p>Gastroschisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of a partially cystic mass in the fetal abdomen?

    <p>Neuroblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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