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Questions and Answers

What is the most common understanding of freedom?

The absence of restraints or free to do whatever he wants.

You have the right to take even the slightest ounce of freedom from your neighbor?

False (B)

What is the key element in social contract theories?

Human reason

Match the thinkers with their respective philosophical views on the social contract.

<p>Thomas Hobbes = People surrender some freedoms to a sovereign authority in exchange for security. John Locke = People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property which governments exist to protect. Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Individuals come together to form a collective 'general will' to promote the common good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Filipino concept of bayanihan?

<p>It reflects a social contract within communities, where individuals contribute to the welfare of others, expecting mutual aid in return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Joseph Campbell, life has a meaning that is already set.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heidegger's concept of 'being-in-the-world' suggests that humanity is a finished project.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sartre's philosophy suggests that the meaning of life is found primarily in one's relationship with God.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Freedom

The ability to choose and act without external constraints.

Freedom's limits

Freedom is not absolute; it's constrained by the freedom of others and the impact of actions.

Freedom and responsibility

Freedom implies accountability for our actions and their consequences.

Choice

The capacity to select among various options.

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Authentic Human Life

A life lived through meaningful choices.

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Deterministic Principle

The belief that actions are predetermined.

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Responsibility

Obligation to accept the consequences of one's actions.

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Intersubjectivity

Shared understanding and experience between people.

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Authentic dialogue

Open communication without prejudice or imposition.

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Socialization

The process by which individuals learn and internalize societal norms and values.

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Society

Organized group of people sharing territory,culture,and interactions

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Social Contract Theory

Explanation of the relationship between individuals and society; contract between the citizen and the larger society.

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Bayanihan Spirit

Filipino tradition of community cooperation and mutual aid.

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1987 Philippine Constitution

Modern social contract between Filipino citizens and the state.

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Meaning of Life

The purpose of human existence.

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Death

The end of life's physical existence.

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Eternity

Living in the present moment, appreciating life's experiences.

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Existentialism

Philosophy stressing individual freedom and responsibility for creating meaning.

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Humanist perspective

Philosophy emphasizing human potential and value.

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Ethics

Moral principles that guide human behavior.

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Ethical responsibility

Moral obligation to act in accordance with others' well-being.

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Prudence

Caution and wisdom in decision-making.

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Study Notes

Chapter 5: Human Person's Freedom

  • Freedom is commonly understood as the absence of restraints.
  • Freedom is not absolute; it is limited by actions affecting others.
  • Freedom is connected to a healthy body and spontaneity.
  • Freedom stems from the capacity to choose.
  • Freedom of indifference is when all reasons are equally worth it.
  • Freedom is linked to responsibility for one's actions and their consequences.
  • The exercise of freedom has corresponding effects on oneself, others, and the environment.

Freedom and Its Limitation

  • Freedom is not absolute; actions have consequences and impact others.
  • Actions that harm oneself or others should not be considered expressions of freedom.
  • Freedom ends where another person's freedom begins.

Freedom and Choice

  • Our capacity to choose is crucial for living authentically.
  • The absence of choice limits the value and dignity of a human person.
  • Deliberate actions, driven by motives reflecting autonomy, are valuable aspects of freedom.
  • Consequences of actions are essential.

Consequences And Responsibility

  • Individuals often blame others for their wrongdoings.
  • Maturity involves assuming responsibility for one's actions.
  • Choosing to be accountable for one's actions is a crucial aspect of maturity.

Importance of Prudence in All Choices

  • Choices should be made with thoughtful consideration for consequences.
  • Prudence in decision-making is crucial to avoid mistakes and problems.
  • Understanding the possible effects of choices is essential.
  • Decisions should be carefully considered to avoid causing problems.

Chapter 6: Intersubjectivity And Authentic Dialogue

  • Intersubjectivity and authentic dialogue are discussed concerning the philosophy of the face.
  • Recognizing the other person as having their own reality is crucial to ethical intersubjective relations.
  • The face prompts ethical consideration.
  • Accepting the human face unconditionally is essential.
  • Respect for the other person's freedom is a fundamental principle of relationship.

Chapter 7: Human Person In Society

  • Society is an organized group with common territory and culture.
  • Cooperation and leadership played vital roles in early Philippine societies (barangay system).
  • Trade specialization occurred as societies became more complex.
  • Social norms and customs, like the “barangay system,” shaped behaviors within the community.
  • Religious beliefs and rituals also played a role in binding members of the community.

Chapter 8: Death And The Meaning Of Life

  • Life's meaning is not always clear; one often brings it to life.
  • Religions provide meaning and purpose.
  • Seeking meaning is inherent to the human experience.
  • Accepting death as a part of life is crucial for fully living.
  • Existentialism emphasizes human freedom and responsibility, highlighting the importance of conscious choice.

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