2CB3: Chapter 5 - Part 3
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Questions and Answers

How many complexes are involved in electron transport in the electron transport chain?

  • Five complexes: NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome bc1, cytochrome c oxidase, and FADUz+CoQ
  • Four complexes: I, II, III, and IV (correct)
  • Three complexes: I, III, and IV
  • Two complexes: NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase

    • Which complex is not involved in the transport of H+ ions?

  • Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)
  • Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) (correct)
  • Complex III (cytochrome bc1)
  • Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)

    • Which complex catalyzes the transfer of electrons from succinate to FAD to ubiquinone without transport of H+?

  • Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)
  • Complex III (cytochrome bc1)
  • Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)
  • Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) (correct)

    • Which enzyme is used in both the TCA and ETC?

    <p>Succinate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of H+ ions transported per pair of electrons by Complex III (cytochrome bc1)?

    <p>Four H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the proton gradient creates a pH gradient?

    <p>Concentration gradient of hydrogen ions between matrix and intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic poisons bind catalytic sites in Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)?

    <p>CO, N3–, and CN–</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex catalyzes the transfer of electrons to O2?

    <p>Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What establishes the electric potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Separation of charge across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone?

    <p>Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains enzymes for metabolic reactions and oxidative activities?

    <p>Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lipid-soluble agent that uncouples glucose oxidation and ATP formation in mitochondria?

    <p>DNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for ATP formation in mitochondria?

    <p>ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare inherited disease characterized by neurologic, visual, and liver abnormalities due to peroxisome deficiency?

    <p>Zellweger syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visualizes the proton-electrochemical energy in active mitochondria with gradients?

    <p>Proton-motive force (p)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes excessive heat production in mitochondria by shuttling protons between intermembrane space and matrix?

    <p>DNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for variations in metabolism rates due to differences in endogenous uncoupling proteins?

    <p>Endogenous uncoupling proteins (UCPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What explains how a proton electrochemical gradient drives ATP synthesis?

    <p>Paul Boyer's binding change mechanism hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for ATP formation in mitochondria composed of F1 and F0 portions?

    <p>ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mitochondrial disorders often linked to mutations in and inherited maternally?

    <p>mtDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a special feature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mentioned in the text?

    <p>High mutation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor makes mtDNA attractive to scientists?

    <p>High copy number in cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is speculated to be a major cause of aging based on the text?

    <p>Accumulations of mutations in mtDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenotype is caused by increased mutations in mtDNA according to the text?

    <p>Premature-aging phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for mtDNA replication?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do additional findings suggest about mutations in mtDNA?

    <p>They may cause premature aging but are not sufficient for the normal aging process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is shown in the electron micrograph within the mitochondrial matrix?

    <p>Crystalline structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encodes for the DNA polymerase responsible for mtDNA replication?

    <p>Defective nuclear gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of signs of premature aging in mice according to the text?

    <p>Mutation in their mtDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of abnormal proliferation of mitochondria?

    <p>Red-staining 'blotches'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitochondrial Function and DNP: A Detailed Overview

    • Proton-motive force (p) visualizes the proton-electrochemical energy in active mitochondria with gradients
    • Treatment with DNP uncouples glucose oxidation and ATP formation by increasing inner membrane permeability to H+
    • DNP, a lipid-soluble agent, inhibits ATP formation and was historically used as a deadly diet pill
    • Differences in endogenous uncoupling proteins (UCPs) account for variations in metabolism rates
    • DNP inserts into the inner mitochondrial membrane, shuttling protons between intermembrane space and matrix, causing excessive heat production
    • ATP synthase is the enzyme responsible for ATP formation in mitochondria
    • The enzyme consists of two major portions, F1 and F0, with F0 containing a channel for proton conduction
    • The number of subunits in the F0 particle's c ring varies (10-14) and is dependent on the enzyme source
    • Paul Boyer's binding change mechanism hypothesis explains how a proton electrochemical gradient drives ATP synthesis
    • Peroxisomes are small organelles containing enzymes for metabolic reactions and oxidative activities
    • Zellweger syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by neurologic, visual, and liver abnormalities due to peroxisome deficiency
    • Mitochondrial disorders are often linked to mutations in mtDNA and are inherited maternally

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