Untitled Quiz

Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Beings

• Developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings
• Emphasizes the inseparability of humans and their environment
• Nursing is viewed as both a science and an art
• Focuses on the unitary human being integral with the universe

Assumptions

• Man is a unified whole
• Continuous exchange of matter and energy between man and the environment
• Life process evolves irreversibly along the space-time continuum
• Pattern and organization reflect man’s innovative wholeness
• Man is characterized by abstraction, imagery, language, thought, sensation, and emotion

Key Concepts

• Energy Field: Fundamental unit of living and non-living, viewed as irreducible wholeness
• Openness: No boundaries stopping energy flow between human and environmental fields
• Pan-dimensionality: Non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes
• Pattern: Distinguishing characteristics an energy field
• Homeodynamics: Dynamic version of homeostasis, including continuous exchange of matter and energy between man and environment
• Resonance: Nature of change between human and environmental fields
• Helicy: Continuous change due to human-environment interaction
• Integrality: Continuous revisions from human-environment interactions
• Reciprocity: Inseparability of man and environment, continuous probabilistic revisions
• Synchrony: Change in human behavior determined by the interaction of human and environmental fields

Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Model

• Developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
• Focuses on individuals' ability to perform self-care to maintain life, health, and well-being
• Nursing interventions are designed to address self-care deficits

Assumptions

• Humans engage in constant communication and connection with their environment
• Power to act deliberately to identify needs and make judgments
• Mature humans experience privations in self-care actions
• Human agency in discovering and transmitting ways to identify needs
• Groups with structured relationships provide care to members

Theories

• Theory of Self-Care: Activities individuals perform to maintain life, health, and well-being
  • Self-Care Requisites:
    • Universal: Basic needs (e.g., air, food, water)
    • Developmental: Needs related to developmental processes
    • Health Deviation: Needs arising from illness or medical measures
• Theory of Self-Care Deficit: When individuals are unable to meet their self-care requisites, a deficit occurs
• Theory of Nursing Systems: Provides a framework for nurses to choose and implement appropriate nursing interventions

Imogene King: Theory of Goal Attainment

• Developed the Theory of Goal Attainment
• Focuses on the process of action, reaction, and interaction between nurse and patient to achieve life goals
• Emphasizes communication, goal setting, and actions to achieve goals

Key Concepts

• Patient: Social being with needs for health information, care to prevent illness, and care when unable to help themselves
• Nurse: Provides care and support to patients to achieve their goals
• Interaction: The process of communication and action between nurse and patient
• Goal Attainment: The process of achieving desired outcomes through the interaction of nurse and patient
• Social Systems: Emphasizes the influence of social systems on patients and nurses