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Questions and Answers
What does the principle of resonance refer to?
Who developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings?
Martha Rogers
Helicy refers to continuous change due to human-environment interaction.
True
What is a key assumption of the Science of Unitary Human Beings?
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Name one of the key concepts of the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
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According to Dorothea Orem, what is a self-care requisite?
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What is the primary focus of Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment?
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Study Notes
Martha Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Beings
- Developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings
- Emphasizes the inseparability of humans and their environment
- Nursing is viewed as both a science and an art
- Focuses on the unitary human being integral with the universe
Assumptions
- Man is a unified whole
- Continuous exchange of matter and energy between man and the environment
- Life process evolves irreversibly along the space-time continuum
- Pattern and organization reflect man’s innovative wholeness
- Man is characterized by abstraction, imagery, language, thought, sensation, and emotion
Key Concepts
- Energy Field: Fundamental unit of living and non-living, viewed as irreducible wholeness
- Openness: No boundaries stopping energy flow between human and environmental fields
- Pan-dimensionality: Non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes
- Pattern: Distinguishing characteristics an energy field
- Homeodynamics: Dynamic version of homeostasis, including continuous exchange of matter and energy between man and environment
- Resonance: Nature of change between human and environmental fields
- Helicy: Continuous change due to human-environment interaction
- Integrality: Continuous revisions from human-environment interactions
- Reciprocity: Inseparability of man and environment, continuous probabilistic revisions
- Synchrony: Change in human behavior determined by the interaction of human and environmental fields
Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Model
- Developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
- Focuses on individuals' ability to perform self-care to maintain life, health, and well-being
- Nursing interventions are designed to address self-care deficits
Assumptions
- Humans engage in constant communication and connection with their environment
- Power to act deliberately to identify needs and make judgments
- Mature humans experience privations in self-care actions
- Human agency in discovering and transmitting ways to identify needs
- Groups with structured relationships provide care to members
Theories
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Theory of Self-Care: Activities individuals perform to maintain life, health, and well-being
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Self-Care Requisites:
- Universal: Basic needs (e.g., air, food, water)
- Developmental: Needs related to developmental processes
- Health Deviation: Needs arising from illness or medical measures
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Self-Care Requisites:
- Theory of Self-Care Deficit: When individuals are unable to meet their self-care requisites, a deficit occurs
- Theory of Nursing Systems: Provides a framework for nurses to choose and implement appropriate nursing interventions
Imogene King: Theory of Goal Attainment
- Developed the Theory of Goal Attainment
- Focuses on the process of action, reaction, and interaction between nurse and patient to achieve life goals
- Emphasizes communication, goal setting, and actions to achieve goals
Key Concepts
- Patient: Social being with needs for health information, care to prevent illness, and care when unable to help themselves
- Nurse: Provides care and support to patients to achieve their goals
- Interaction: The process of communication and action between nurse and patient
- Goal Attainment: The process of achieving desired outcomes through the interaction of nurse and patient
- Social Systems: Emphasizes the influence of social systems on patients and nurses
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