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Questions and Answers

What is Governance?

  • Macro Approach (correct)
  • Customized Approach
  • Individual Approach
  • Micro Approach

    • What type of approach does Sport Management represent?

  • Macro Approach
  • Micro Approach (correct)
  • General Approach
  • Comprehensive Approach

    • What are the three types of arguments?

  • Argument of Value, Argument of Policy, Argument of Assumption
  • Argument of Fact, Argument of Opinion, Argument of Retaliation
  • Argument of Opinion, Argument of Value, Argument of Belief
  • Argument of Fact, Argument of Value, Argument of Policy (correct)

    • What is the definition of Governance?

    <p>The exercise of authority on three levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organization?

    <p>Identity, Program of Activity, Membership, Permanency, Division of Labor, Hierarchy of Authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Regulatory Power refer to?

    <p>The ability to enforce rules and impose punishments if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Open Systems?

    <p>They respond to environmental stimuli and interact within a given environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Closed Systems?

    <p>They do not need to interact with the environment to survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 R's of Good Governance?

    <p>Regulation, Rules, Rankings, Records, Results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Standing Committees?

    <p>Committees with specific responsibilities within their governance structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Ad Hoc Committee?

    <p>A committee to deal with an issue on a short-term basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Ethics?

    <p>The discipline dealing with what is good and bad with moral duty and obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Ethical Dilemmas?

    <p>Situations where the course of action is unclear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Corporate Social Responsibility?

    <p>Where companies go above and beyond corporate obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Ethics important to Sport Managers?

    <p>They look to governing bodies for guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ethical Relativism assert?

    <p>Each culture has its own set of ethics that is best for that culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Three Elements of Moral Reasoning?

    <p>Impartiality, Consistency, Reflective Judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the history of High School Sport in the late 1800s?

    <p>It aimed to solve societal ills like delinquency and poor health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What started the evolution of Governance in High Schools?

    <p>State high school associations first started in Wisconsin and Illinois.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)?

    <p>A governing body responsible for rules writing and publishing for high school sports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What levels does Scholastic Sport Governance occur on?

    <p>National, State, and Local Levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes NFHS?

    <p>All 50 states are members and it has rules for 16 boys' and girls' sports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is NFHS funded?

    <p>About 52% of revenue comes from sales revenue of official publications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does NFHS spend money?

    <p>Salaries and benefits, professional organizations, rules-making publications, educational development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activities are typically performed by a high school athletic director?

    <p>Hiring, supervising, and evaluating coaches; contest management; game scheduling; public relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Eligibility refer to in sports?

    <p>It involves academic fit for the mission of the school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Public versus Private schools in terms of recruitment?

    <p>Private schools can recruit, while public schools cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Transfer Rules aim to do?

    <p>Keep students from moving from school to school for nonfamily reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NFHS's rationale for age limits?

    <p>It inhibits redshirting and maintains fairness and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Amateurism mean in high school sports?

    <p>High school athletes cannot receive rewards for athletic performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two issues related to Gender Equity under Title IX?

    <p>Equal Use of Facilities and Girls on Boys Teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Alcohol, Drug, and Tobacco use policies play in schools?

    <p>They may involve drug testing consent forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable case involving Concussions?

    <p>WWE wrestlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Title IX case related to Iowa Field Hockey?

    <p>It refers to establishing compliance with gender equity in sports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Wrongful Termination refer to?

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Governance

    • Governance refers to a macro approach focused on the interrelatedness of organizational structures, communication, and management.

    Sport Management

    • Involves a micro approach, specializing in specific areas within the sports realm.

    Types of Arguments

    • Argument of Fact: Concerns objective truths (e.g. What is 2+2).
    • Argument of Value: Subjective opinions about quality or worth (e.g. Who is the best baseball player?).
    • Argument of Policy: Debates on societal rules or guidelines (e.g. Should the death penalty be abolished?).

    Definition of Governance

    • Governance is described as "the exercise of authority" and operates on three distinct levels.

    Organizational Characteristics

    • Definitions of an organization include identity, activity programs, membership, permanency, division of labor, and hierarchy of authority.

    Regulatory Power

    • Regulatory power enables enforcement of rules and imposing penalties; the NCAA exemplifies this in college athletics oversight.

    Open Systems

    • Open systems respond to environmental stimuli and must interact with their environment to operate effectively, like MLB’s policy changes on PEDS.

    Closed Systems

    • Closed systems do not require interaction with their environment for survival; true closed systems are rare, with tax systems being the closest example.

    5 R's of Good Governance

    • The five principles include Regulation, Rules, Rankings, Records, and Results.

    Standing Committees

    • These committees hold specific responsibilities within governance structures.

    Ad Hoc Committee

    • Formed temporarily to address specific issues or events, such as a parking plan for the Ryder Cup.

    Ethics

    • Defined as "the discipline dealing with what is good and bad with moral duty and obligation," and includes sports ethics as a specialized field.

    Ethical Dilemmas

    • Arise in situations with unclear courses of action, where reasonable individuals may disagree on the appropriate response.

    Corporate Social Responsibility

    • When companies extend efforts beyond their basic corporate obligations to societal well-being.

    Importance of Ethics in Sport Management

    • Sport managers seek guidance from governing bodies and influence organizational ethics through top-down leadership.

    Ethical Relativism

    • The belief that each culture possesses unique ethics that apply only within that culture, like self-officiating in golf versus refereed basketball.

    Three Elements of Moral Reasoning

    • Impartiality: Recognizing and setting aside personal biases.
    • Consistency: Ensuring positions are systematically coherent (e.g. rules regarding fighting in hockey).
    • Reflective Judgment: Moral decisions must consider clear ethical examples.

    History of High School Sport

    • Originated in the late 1800s to combat societal issues like delinquency and health; initially student-run, with football gaining popularity in the 1890s.

    Evolution of Governance in High Schools

    • State associations began in Wisconsin and Illinois, establishing minimum requirements for academic progress.

    National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)

    • Formed in Chicago in 1920 with representatives from five Midwestern states, the NFHS became the key rules-writing body for high school sports by 1930.

    Scholastic Sport Governance Levels

    • National level governed by NFHS, state level with the most power (determines local program rules and champions), and local level concerning specific conferences.

    NFHS Membership and Structure

    • Comprises all 50 states, overseeing 16 sponsored sports, with over 18,500 member schools and 11 million participants.

    NFHS Funding Sources

    • Revenue from official publications accounts for approximately 52%, supplemented by professional dues, personal contributions, sponsorships, and royalties.

    NFHS Expenditures

    • Funds allocated primarily for salaries and benefits, professional organizations, rule-making publications, and educational development initiatives.

    Activities of High School Athletic Directors

    • Responsibilities include hiring coaches, managing contests, scheduling games, ensuring athlete eligibility, and handling public relations.

    Eligibility in High School Sports

    • Must align with the academic mission and support the educational framework; enforced through policies like "No Pass No Play."

    Public vs. Private School Dynamics

    • Private schools may engage in recruiting athletes, creating disparities between public and private institutions.

    Transfer Rules

    • Designed to prevent non-family motivated student transfers, promoting stability by requiring students to start and finish their education at the same school.

    Age Limits

    • NFHS imposes a 19-year age limit for participation to support younger athletes, restrict redshirting, and enhance safety.

    Amateurism in High School Sports

    • High school athletes prohibited from receiving any compensation for athletic performance, ensuring focus remains on the sport rather than financial gain.

    Gender Equity and Title IX

    • Title IX mandates equal access to facilities and participation opportunities for both genders, including co-ed teams.

    Substance Use Policies

    • Consent forms for drug testing are implemented in some districts; landmark cases like Veronia School District established the legal framework for testing student athletes.

    Concussion Protocols

    • protocols are established, particularly in professional athletics such as WWE, addressing injury implications and safety concerns.

    Title IX Impact

    • Notable case: Iowa Field Hockey, which influenced discussions on gender equity in sports communications.

    Wrongful Termination

    • Issues surrounding employment and contract law relevant to sports management are notable in cases of termination disputes.

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