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Questions and Answers
What is Governance?
What is Governance?
What type of approach does Sport Management represent?
What type of approach does Sport Management represent?
What are the three types of arguments?
What are the three types of arguments?
What is the definition of Governance?
What is the definition of Governance?
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What is an organization?
What is an organization?
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What does Regulatory Power refer to?
What does Regulatory Power refer to?
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What characterizes Open Systems?
What characterizes Open Systems?
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What characterizes Closed Systems?
What characterizes Closed Systems?
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What are the 5 R's of Good Governance?
What are the 5 R's of Good Governance?
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What are Standing Committees?
What are Standing Committees?
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What is an Ad Hoc Committee?
What is an Ad Hoc Committee?
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What is the definition of Ethics?
What is the definition of Ethics?
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What are Ethical Dilemmas?
What are Ethical Dilemmas?
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What is Corporate Social Responsibility?
What is Corporate Social Responsibility?
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Why are Ethics important to Sport Managers?
Why are Ethics important to Sport Managers?
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What does Ethical Relativism assert?
What does Ethical Relativism assert?
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What are the Three Elements of Moral Reasoning?
What are the Three Elements of Moral Reasoning?
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What was the history of High School Sport in the late 1800s?
What was the history of High School Sport in the late 1800s?
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What started the evolution of Governance in High Schools?
What started the evolution of Governance in High Schools?
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What is the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)?
What is the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)?
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What levels does Scholastic Sport Governance occur on?
What levels does Scholastic Sport Governance occur on?
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What characterizes NFHS?
What characterizes NFHS?
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How is NFHS funded?
How is NFHS funded?
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How does NFHS spend money?
How does NFHS spend money?
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What activities are typically performed by a high school athletic director?
What activities are typically performed by a high school athletic director?
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What does Eligibility refer to in sports?
What does Eligibility refer to in sports?
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What is the difference between Public versus Private schools in terms of recruitment?
What is the difference between Public versus Private schools in terms of recruitment?
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What do Transfer Rules aim to do?
What do Transfer Rules aim to do?
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What is NFHS's rationale for age limits?
What is NFHS's rationale for age limits?
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What does Amateurism mean in high school sports?
What does Amateurism mean in high school sports?
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What are the two issues related to Gender Equity under Title IX?
What are the two issues related to Gender Equity under Title IX?
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What role do Alcohol, Drug, and Tobacco use policies play in schools?
What role do Alcohol, Drug, and Tobacco use policies play in schools?
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What is a notable case involving Concussions?
What is a notable case involving Concussions?
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What is the Title IX case related to Iowa Field Hockey?
What is the Title IX case related to Iowa Field Hockey?
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What does Wrongful Termination refer to?
What does Wrongful Termination refer to?
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Study Notes
Governance
- Governance refers to a macro approach focused on the interrelatedness of organizational structures, communication, and management.
Sport Management
- Involves a micro approach, specializing in specific areas within the sports realm.
Types of Arguments
- Argument of Fact: Concerns objective truths (e.g. What is 2+2).
- Argument of Value: Subjective opinions about quality or worth (e.g. Who is the best baseball player?).
- Argument of Policy: Debates on societal rules or guidelines (e.g. Should the death penalty be abolished?).
Definition of Governance
- Governance is described as "the exercise of authority" and operates on three distinct levels.
Organizational Characteristics
- Definitions of an organization include identity, activity programs, membership, permanency, division of labor, and hierarchy of authority.
Regulatory Power
- Regulatory power enables enforcement of rules and imposing penalties; the NCAA exemplifies this in college athletics oversight.
Open Systems
- Open systems respond to environmental stimuli and must interact with their environment to operate effectively, like MLB’s policy changes on PEDS.
Closed Systems
- Closed systems do not require interaction with their environment for survival; true closed systems are rare, with tax systems being the closest example.
5 R's of Good Governance
- The five principles include Regulation, Rules, Rankings, Records, and Results.
Standing Committees
- These committees hold specific responsibilities within governance structures.
Ad Hoc Committee
- Formed temporarily to address specific issues or events, such as a parking plan for the Ryder Cup.
Ethics
- Defined as "the discipline dealing with what is good and bad with moral duty and obligation," and includes sports ethics as a specialized field.
Ethical Dilemmas
- Arise in situations with unclear courses of action, where reasonable individuals may disagree on the appropriate response.
Corporate Social Responsibility
- When companies extend efforts beyond their basic corporate obligations to societal well-being.
Importance of Ethics in Sport Management
- Sport managers seek guidance from governing bodies and influence organizational ethics through top-down leadership.
Ethical Relativism
- The belief that each culture possesses unique ethics that apply only within that culture, like self-officiating in golf versus refereed basketball.
Three Elements of Moral Reasoning
- Impartiality: Recognizing and setting aside personal biases.
- Consistency: Ensuring positions are systematically coherent (e.g. rules regarding fighting in hockey).
- Reflective Judgment: Moral decisions must consider clear ethical examples.
History of High School Sport
- Originated in the late 1800s to combat societal issues like delinquency and health; initially student-run, with football gaining popularity in the 1890s.
Evolution of Governance in High Schools
- State associations began in Wisconsin and Illinois, establishing minimum requirements for academic progress.
National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)
- Formed in Chicago in 1920 with representatives from five Midwestern states, the NFHS became the key rules-writing body for high school sports by 1930.
Scholastic Sport Governance Levels
- National level governed by NFHS, state level with the most power (determines local program rules and champions), and local level concerning specific conferences.
NFHS Membership and Structure
- Comprises all 50 states, overseeing 16 sponsored sports, with over 18,500 member schools and 11 million participants.
NFHS Funding Sources
- Revenue from official publications accounts for approximately 52%, supplemented by professional dues, personal contributions, sponsorships, and royalties.
NFHS Expenditures
- Funds allocated primarily for salaries and benefits, professional organizations, rule-making publications, and educational development initiatives.
Activities of High School Athletic Directors
- Responsibilities include hiring coaches, managing contests, scheduling games, ensuring athlete eligibility, and handling public relations.
Eligibility in High School Sports
- Must align with the academic mission and support the educational framework; enforced through policies like "No Pass No Play."
Public vs. Private School Dynamics
- Private schools may engage in recruiting athletes, creating disparities between public and private institutions.
Transfer Rules
- Designed to prevent non-family motivated student transfers, promoting stability by requiring students to start and finish their education at the same school.
Age Limits
- NFHS imposes a 19-year age limit for participation to support younger athletes, restrict redshirting, and enhance safety.
Amateurism in High School Sports
- High school athletes prohibited from receiving any compensation for athletic performance, ensuring focus remains on the sport rather than financial gain.
Gender Equity and Title IX
- Title IX mandates equal access to facilities and participation opportunities for both genders, including co-ed teams.
Substance Use Policies
- Consent forms for drug testing are implemented in some districts; landmark cases like Veronia School District established the legal framework for testing student athletes.
Concussion Protocols
- protocols are established, particularly in professional athletics such as WWE, addressing injury implications and safety concerns.
Title IX Impact
- Notable case: Iowa Field Hockey, which influenced discussions on gender equity in sports communications.
Wrongful Termination
- Issues surrounding employment and contract law relevant to sports management are notable in cases of termination disputes.
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