Untitled Quiz

APR1400 General Arrangement

• A diagram of a nuclear power plant, showcasing the APR1400 reactor layout.
• The diagram shows internal components and layout of the reactor.

Nuclear Steam Supply System in Containment

• Another diagram focusing on the APR1400 nuclear steam supply system within the containment vessel.
• This system is a crucial part for steam production in a nuclear plant.

NSSS - Reactor Coolant System

• Loop configuration, including components like a reactor vessel, pressurizer, steam generators, and coolant pumps.
• The loop design is critical to the reactor's operation.
  • Four recirculating coolant pumps are part of the design.
  • Two hot legs and four cold legs aid in the loop configuration.

NSSS - Reactor Vessel

• The diagram shows the reactor vessel with inlet, outlet, and direct vessel injection (DVI) nozzles.
• The reactor vessel is part of the coolant system's pressure boundary and acts as a barrier to fission product release.

NSSS - Steam Generator (SG)

• The steam generators' tube design details, including tube count, plugging margin, and materials.
• Important design features include improved upper tube support and a modified primary outlet nozzle angle.

NSSS - Pressurizer

• Design values, including free volume, coolant volume, and heater capacity.
• Diagrams show the pressurizer with the pilot-operated safety relief valves.
• The pressurizer maintains pressure in the primary coolant loop and enhances safety.

NSSS - Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP)

• Pump type and configuration: vertical bottom suction, horizontal discharge, single-stage impeller, motor-driven centrifugal pump.
• Includes shaft seal assembly, mechanical seals, and pressure control features.

Turbine & Generator

• Turbine number (1 double-flow HP, 3 double-flow LP) and configuration (Tandem Compound).
• Includes turbine speed, output power, and last-stage blade size.
• Generator details: direct-driven and conductor cooled; voltage and frequency provided.

Reactor Power System Layout

• A diagram showing a top-down view of the reactor power system layout.
• Diagram includes placement and layout of key reactor components.

Where the Thermal Energy (Heat) Comes From

• Diagram showing the typical nuclear power system and how it converts nuclear energy to thermal energy.

Logarithmic Distance Scale (Meters)

• A logarithmic scale illustrating the relative sizes of various entities, from subatomic particles to the Earth and beyond.

Fundamental Particles

• The basic components of matter (protons, neutrons, electrons, etc)
• A table showing their properties such as charge, mass, and half-life.

Atomic Structure

• Describes the structure of atoms including protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Key points about nuclear composition, particularly in stable atomic nuclei.

Atomic Structure (continued)

• Covers chemical properties related to atomic structure.
• Discusses nuclear effects like transformation, energy, etc.
• Provides the mass of subatomic particles.

Terminology and Notation

• Explains the symbols and notation used to describe atoms and their components
• Provides examples using elements U, Li and Pu to express notation of atoms.

Isotopes

• Defines isotopes as nuclides with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
• Includes carbon isotopes as an example.

Forces Inside Atoms and Nuclei

• Describes electrostatic forces and nuclear force, within atoms and nuclei.
• Explains how nuclear force overcomes repulsive electrostatic forces between protons.

Four Fundamental Forces

• Lists the four fundamental forces (gravity, weak, electromagnetic, and nuclear)
• Includes a table that shows a comparison of the strengths of these forces.

Stability of the Nucleus

• Discusses the balance between forces and the neutron-to-proton ratio and their relationship to the stability of nuclei
• Discusses how nuclei with more or fewer neutrons will be unstable.

Band of Stability

• A chart illustrating the relationship between neutron and proton numbers in stable isotopes.

Radiation

• Defines radiation as energy traveling through space through particles or electromagnetic waves
• Includes different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, neutrons, neutrinos, cosmic rays) that are emitted when an unstable nuclei decay to a stable nuclei

Radiation and Radioactivity

• Describes radiation processes as a result of nuclear and atomic reactions.
• Explains radioactive atoms and their spontaneous transformation into other nuclides.
• Includes terms like radionuclide and radioisotope.

Activity

• Defines source activity and common units (Becquerel and Curie).
• Provides the formula for calculating activity.

Decay Constant and Half-life

• Explains decay constant and describes half-life.
• Discusses the concept of half-life and decay constant, also showing how the activity of the sample decreases by a factor of two.

Decay of a Radionuclide Sample

• Illustrates the decay of a radionuclide sample as a function of time.
• Includes examples such as Strontium-82 and Uranium-238.

Chart of the Nuclides

• Describes a chart displaying stable and unstable nuclides using plots of neutron numbers (N) and proton numbers (Z).

Isotopic Abundance

• Explains terms related to isotopic abundance and gives examples of isotopic abundance for uranium.

Isotopic Abundance Example

• Shows an example of calculating the abundance of uranium isotopes in one million uranium atoms.

Enriched and Depleted Uranium

• Describes enrichment and depletion processes, focusing on uranium isotopes relevant to nuclear reactors.

Stability of the Nucleus (Review)

• Offers a review and summary of factors associated with nuclear stability.

Radioactive Decay

• Displays a chart showing stable nuclides.
• Discusses the relationship between the number of neutrons and protons for nuclear stability.

Beta Decay

• Describes beta decay and its relationship to neutron quantity.
• Defines different types of beta decay (β⁻, β⁺)

Beta Decay (continued)

• Expands on the beta decay process, leading to decay chains.

Alpha Decay

• Explains the process of alpha decay and how it relates to the position of isotopes on the chart of nuclides
• Discusses alpha-emitters and the composition of alpha particles.

Gamma Decay Example

• Offers an example of gamma decay, showcasing the emission of gamma rays as a decay process

Atomic Weight

• Formula and calculation of atomic weight from isotope data.

Atomic Mass Unit, Moles, and Avogadro

• Defines atomic mass unit, moles, and Avogadro's number, explaining relationships and providing examples.

Atomic and Nuclear Dimensions

• Discusses atomic and nuclear sizes and how they relate considering the boundaries, average distance between the nucleus and the cloud of the electron, and its factors.

Where does the Thermal Energy (Heat) Come From?

• Illustrates how thermal energy is produced in a nuclear power system, from nuclear fission.

Mass and Energy

• Discusses energy production in nuclear systems using Einstein's formula (E=mc²).

Rest-mass Energy of the Electron

• Explains rest-mass energy calculation for an electron, using the equation E=mc².

Electron Volt

• Discusses and explains the electron volt, showing its use to express energy quantities.

Energy Equivalent of 1 amu

• Calculates and discusses the energy equivalent of one atomic mass unit, explaining its significance.

Neutron-induced Fission

• Describes the process of neutron-induced fission.

Nuclear Chain Reaction

• Explanations on how nuclear chain reactions proceed and the energy released per fission, including power generation requirements.

Fission Rate in 1400 MWe Nuclear Power Plant

• Discusses and illustrates the calculation of fission rates in a 1400 MWe nuclear power plant.

Energy from Fission

• Presents a table summarizing the energy distribution in fission products.

Characteristics of Fission Reactions (continued)

• Describes prompt neutrons and gamma rays as fission products.

Fission Products

• Characterizes a fission reaction that produces fragments; types and potential hazards like decay heat, biological effect and neutron poisens
• Explains fission product distributions and types of isotopes

Fissile and Fissionable-But-Nonfissile Nuclides

• Explains fissile and fissionable nuclides.
• Provides examples of fissile and fissionable-but-nonfissile nuclides.

Fertile Nuclides

• Describes fertile nuclides and how they can be used to produce fissile nuclides.

List of Required Texts

• Provides references to various texts used for the topic of nuclear physics and reactor theory.

References

• A list of references used in the document.