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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide on human health?
What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide on human health?
What major pollutant is responsible for the yellowish color of smog and contributes to acid rain?
What major pollutant is responsible for the yellowish color of smog and contributes to acid rain?
Which of the following is considered a Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)?
Which of the following is considered a Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)?
What is the purpose of the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)?
What is the purpose of the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)?
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Which pollutant is primarily associated with mining and burning coal, and poses significant health risks?
Which pollutant is primarily associated with mining and burning coal, and poses significant health risks?
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Which pollutant is NOT classified as a conventional pollutant?
Which pollutant is NOT classified as a conventional pollutant?
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What causes eutrophication in water bodies?
What causes eutrophication in water bodies?
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What type of materials are categorized under Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)?
What type of materials are categorized under Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)?
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What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere?
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Which of the following is considered a primary pollutant?
Which of the following is considered a primary pollutant?
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Which major pollutant is formed when nitrogen in fuel is heated over 650°C in the presence of oxygen?
Which major pollutant is formed when nitrogen in fuel is heated over 650°C in the presence of oxygen?
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What is meant by 'fugitive pollutants'?
What is meant by 'fugitive pollutants'?
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How many lives are estimated to be lost per year due to air pollution in China and India?
How many lives are estimated to be lost per year due to air pollution in China and India?
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What are unconventional pollutants characterized by?
What are unconventional pollutants characterized by?
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What environmental issue results from sulfur dioxide reacting in the atmosphere?
What environmental issue results from sulfur dioxide reacting in the atmosphere?
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Which act established standards for the six conventional pollutants in the U.S.?
Which act established standards for the six conventional pollutants in the U.S.?
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What is a significant hazard found in indoor air?
What is a significant hazard found in indoor air?
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What phenomenon can trap air pollutants near ground level?
What phenomenon can trap air pollutants near ground level?
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What is one of the main effects of sulfur and nitrogen emissions in the atmosphere?
What is one of the main effects of sulfur and nitrogen emissions in the atmosphere?
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Which chemical compounds are primarily responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone?
Which chemical compounds are primarily responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone?
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What outcome is expected due to the success of the Montreal Protocol?
What outcome is expected due to the success of the Montreal Protocol?
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What is a possible consequence of acid deposition in ecosystems?
What is a possible consequence of acid deposition in ecosystems?
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What widely held belief about pollution control is considered ineffective?
What widely held belief about pollution control is considered ineffective?
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How do carbon monoxide and lead affect the human body?
How do carbon monoxide and lead affect the human body?
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Study Notes
Carbon Monoxide
- Carbon monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
### Smog
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx) contribute to the yellowish color of smog.
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP)
- Mercury (Hg) is considered a Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP).
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
- The Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) aims to track, collect, and disseminate data about toxic chemical releases and waste management activities by industries.
### Mining and Coal
- Coal mining and burning coal are the primary sources of mercury (Hg).
### Unconventional Pollutants
- ozone (O3) is NOT classified as a conventional pollutant.
### Eutrophication
- Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, entering water bodies.
### Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) include materials like paint thinners, gasoline, and cleaning solvents.
### Sulfur Dioxide
- The burning of fossil fuels, especially coal, is the primary source of sulfur dioxide (SO2).
### Primary Pollutants
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is considered a primary pollutant.
### Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed when nitrogen in fuel is heated over 650°C in the presence of oxygen.
### Fugitive Pollutants
- Fugitive pollutants, also known as non-point-source pollutants, are released unintentionally from various sources such as leaks, spills, and dust.
### Air Pollution Deaths
- An estimated 4.2 million lives are lost annually due to air pollution in China and India.
### Unconventional Pollutants
- Unconventional pollutants are characterized by complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere and long-term effects.
### Acid Rain
- Acid rain is a major environmental issue that results from the reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere.
Clean Air Act
- The Clean Air Act of 1970 established standards for six conventional pollutants in the U.S.
### Indoor Air
- Radon (Rn), a radioactive gas, is a significant health hazard found in indoor air.
### Temperature Inversion
- A temperature inversion can trap air pollutants near ground level.
### Sulfur and Nitrogen Emission Effects
- Sulfur and nitrogen emissions contribute to acid rain, respiratory problems, and smog formation.
### Ozone Depletion
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons are the primary chemical compounds responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone.
### Montreal Protocol
- The Montreal Protocol aims to phase out ozone-depleting substances, leading to the expected recovery of the ozone layer.
### Acid Deposition
- Acid deposition can lead to the acidification of lakes and rivers, harming aquatic life and damaging ecosystems.
### Pollution Control Belief
- The belief that simply diluting pollutants with clean air is an ineffective pollution control approach.
### Carbon Monoxide and Lead
- Carbon monoxide (CO) interferes with the body's ability to transport oxygen, while lead (Pb) can cause neurological damage and cardiovascular problems.
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