3.4 EEB

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Questions and Answers

Following a traumatic injury to the forearm, a patient exhibits weakened wrist flexion and adduction, alongside impaired sensation in the medial aspect of their hand. Which nerve is MOST likely affected?

  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Ulnar nerve (correct)
  • Radial nerve

A surgeon inadvertently ligates the common interosseous artery during a complex forearm reconstruction. What is the MOST immediate and significant risk to the patient's forearm?

  • Impaired function of the biceps brachii muscle.
  • Loss of sensation in the lateral forearm.
  • Ischemia of the deep flexor and extensor muscles. (correct)
  • Weakness in deltoid muscle contraction.

A patient presents with an inability to extend their wrist and fingers, along with sensory loss on the posterior aspect of their forearm and dorsum of their hand. Where is the MOST likely location of the nerve lesion?

  • Spiral groove of the humerus, affecting the radial nerve. (correct)
  • Axilla, affecting the axillary nerve.
  • Wrist, affecting the ulnar nerve.
  • Cubital fossa, affecting the median nerve.

Which combination of motor deficits would MOST likely result from damage to the musculocutaneous nerve?

<p>Inability to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient can no longer oppose their thumb or make a fist properly. Sensation is diminished on the lateral palm. Which nerve is MOST likely compromised?

<p>Median nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a deep laceration to the anterior forearm, a patient exhibits weakness in flexing the distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?

<p>Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles following a shoulder injury. Which nerve is MOST likely damaged?

<p>Axillary nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is unable to extend the elbow against resistance, and also has diminished sensation on the posterior aspect of the forearm. Which nerve is MOST likely injured?

<p>Radial nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has lost sensation in the lateral aspect of their forearm. Which nerve provides sensory innervation to this region?

<p>Musculocutaneous nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with complete median nerve damage at the elbow, which motor function would remain MOSTLY intact?

<p>Adduction of the wrist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a laceration on the anterior aspect of the forearm, a patient exhibits weakened flexion at the wrist and impaired abduction. Which nerve is LEAST likely to be injured?

<p>Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon is performing a procedure near the elbow and needs to identify the nerve that innervates the pronator teres muscle. Which of the following is the correct nerve to identify?

<p>Median nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with an inability to extend the phalanges of the index finger and thumb. Which nerve is MOST likely affected, considering its deep posterior compartment innervation?

<p>Radial nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a boxing match, a boxer sustains a direct blow to the anterior forearm, resulting in a compromised ability to flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd and 3rd digits. Sensation on the palmar aspect of these digits remains intact. Which structure has MOST likely been injured?

<p>Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, leading to compression of the median nerve. Which action would MOST likely remain unaffected, due to its exclusive innervation by a different nerve?

<p>Adduction of the hand at the wrist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports difficulty in supinating their forearm. Electromyography reveals impairment of a muscle in the deep posterior compartment. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely affected?

<p>Supinator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a fracture of the radius near the radial tuberosity, a patient experiences weakness during flexion of the elbow when the forearm is supinated. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?

<p>Biceps brachii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has lost the ability to extend the 5th digit and adduct the hand at the wrist. Which single nerve injury would MOST likely cause these specific deficits?

<p>Radial nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A weightlifter strains their forearm while performing a bicep curl, and subsequently experiences pain and weakness during wrist flexion and tightening of the palmar aponeurosis. Which muscle is MOST likely injured?

<p>Palmaris longus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon accidentally transects a nerve during a procedure to repair the ulna. Post-operatively, the patient cannot flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th digit. Which nerve was MOST likely damaged?

<p>Ulnar nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Radial artery

The main artery in the anterior forearm, branching from the brachial artery.

Ulnar artery

Artery in the anterior forearm; another branch of the brachial artery.

Anterior interosseous artery

A branch of the common interosseous artery that supplies the deep flexor muscles of the forearm.

Posterior interosseous artery

Branch of the common interosseous artery that supplies the extensor muscles of the forearm.

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Musculocutaneous nerve

Innervates the anterior arm muscles (Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, Brachialis) and provides sensory to the lateral forearm.

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Axillary nerve

Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, providing sensory innervation to the deltoid area.

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Radial nerve

Innervates the posterior arm and forearm muscles, provides sensory to the posterior arm, forearm, and lateral dorsum of hand.

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Median nerve

Innervates most anterior forearm muscles, sensory to the lateral half of the palm.

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Ulnar nerve

Innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus; sensory to medial hand.

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Deltoid innervation

The deltoid muscle’s nerve supply.

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Anterior arm innervation

Primarily the musculocutaneous nerve; some median nerve involvement.

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Posterior arm innervation

Innervated by the radial nerve.

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Anterior forearm innervation

Mostly median nerve, with ulnar nerve innervating some medial muscles.

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Pronator Teres action

Pronates forearm, assists in elbow flexion.

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Flexor Carpi Radialis action

Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist.

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Palmaris Longus Action

Tightens the palmar aponeurosis.

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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action

Flexes hand at wrist; adducts hand.

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Pronator Quadratus action

Pronates the forearm.

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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis Action

Extend and abduct hand at the wrist .

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Brachioradialis Action

Helps flex forearm at the elbow.

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