Economics - Chapter 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does scarcity require individuals to do?

  • Allocate their time and money (correct)
  • Randomly choose goods and services
  • Ignore opportunity costs
  • Make irrational decisions

What does opportunity cost refer to?

  • A perfect decision-making process
  • The emotions attached to a decision
  • A random decision-making process
  • The value placed on a choice (correct)

According to economics, what does 'rational self-interest' mean?

  • Assuming perfect decision-making
  • Pursuing opportunities to maximize satisfaction (correct)
  • Being immune from faulty logic
  • Making random decisions

What does 'marginal' mean in economics?

<p>A change in (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is marginal analysis important in decision making?

<p>To compare marginal benefits and costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a well-tested and widely accepted economic theory referred to as?

<p>An economic law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are economic principles expressed as?

<p>Tendencies of average consumers, workers, or business firms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption do economists use when constructing theories?

<p>Ceteris paribus assumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general categories into which economists classify economic resources?

<p>Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which resource consists of the physical and mental talents of individuals used in producing goods and services?

<p>Labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the resource capital include for economists?

<p>Manufactured aids used in producing consumer goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a production possibilities table list?

<p>Different combinations of two products that can be produced with a specific set of resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the special human resource, distinct from labor, called according to economists?

<p>Entrepreneurial ability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the economy's output of capital goods and consumer goods represented on a production possibilities curve?

<p>Consumer goods on the horizontal axis and capital goods on the vertical axis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a point lying inside the production possibilities curve imply?

<p>It reflects less total output and is less desirable than points on the curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of increasing opportunity costs indicate?

<p>The opportunity cost of each additional unit of pizzas is greater than the opportunity cost of the preceding one (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the optimization rule, when should an economic activity be expanded?

<p>When marginal benefit exceeds marginal cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the optimal quantity of pizza production indicate?

<p>The point where marginal benefit equals marginal cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unemployment and unused production capacity relate to the production possibilities model?

<p>Less output is produced than at full employment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a shift from the inner curve to curve A’ B’ C’ D’ E’ in Figure 1.5 indicate?

<p>Economic growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to economic growth according to the text?

<p>Increases in supplies of resources, improvements in resource quality, and technological advances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a point outside the production possibilities curve indicate?

<p>Unattainable level of production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon what specific assumptions is the production possibilities curve based?

<p>Full employment and fixed resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of economics?

<p>Satisfying unlimited wants with limited resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of economics according to the text?

<p>The social science concerned with how to make optimal choices under conditions of scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the market system according to the text?

<p>Private ownership and freedom of choice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does microeconomics focus on?

<p>Individual units such as a person, a household, a firm, or an industry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do economists view the world according to the text?

<p>Through the lens of scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the economic perspective emphasize according to the text?

<p>Scarcity and choice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of positive economics?

<p>'The unemployment rate in France is higher than that in the United States.' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a budget line visualize?

<p>Various combinations of two products a consumer can purchase with a specific money income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes people to be forced to make choices according to the text?

<p>Limited productive capacity of scarce resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does society's economizing problem stem from?

<p>Limited or scarce economic resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental problem faced by society according to the text?

<p>The mismatch between wants and resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of macroeconomics?

<p>The economy as a whole or its basic subdivisions or aggregates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does economics focus on?

<p>How individuals, institutions, and society make optimal choices under conditions of scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes normative economics?

<p>Incorporates value judgments or what particular policy actions should be recommended (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does positive economics focus on?

<p>Facts and cause-and-effect relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the economizing problem faced by individuals?

<p>'We desire various goods and services that provide utility.' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economics is the social science concerned with how individuals, institutions, and society make ______ choices under conditions of ______.

<p>optimal - scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economists view the world through the lens of ______.

<p>scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scarce economic resources mean?

<p>Limited goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of opportunity cost?

<p>The value of the next best alternative forgone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the decision-making process in economics, where individuals weigh costs and benefits to make decisions?

<p>Purposeful and rational (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition ensures profitability when selling a ticket to a standby passenger?

<p>If the passenger pays more than the marginal cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps in the economics scientific method (procedure) described?

<p>Observing real-world behavior, forming a hypothesis, accepting or rejecting the hypothesis, ongoing testing, evolving into a theory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a thoroughly tested and widely accepted economic theory, often referred to as a fundamental concept in economics?

<p>Economic law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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